Declaracion de Ginebra

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Declaracion de Ginebra
Date: 25 Jul 2000
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia III - Arango
Parties: Por el Gobierno colombiano: CAMILO GÓMEZ ALZATE Alto Comisionado para la Paz Por el Ejército de Liberación Nacional: ANTONIO GARCÍA
Third parties: 'As witnesses': Cuban ambassador to Colombia, Spanish ambassador to Switzerland, Spanish ambassador to Colombia, Spanish UN delegate, Spanish rep to Latin America, Norwegian ambassador to Guatemala, Swiss ambassador to Colombia, ICRC
Description: Statement from parties meeting in Geneva, restating endorsement of the peace process, noting intl commitment to the process through formation of group of friends (Switzerland, Norway, France, Spain and Cuba). Prompted by recent hostilities between state forces and ELN, parties commit to finalize agreement on application of IHL.

Agreement document: CO_000725_DECLARACI‡N DE GINEBRA - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Article 4,
In the spirit of the National Consensus for Peace in Colombia, which has been accepted by the meeting, we believe that the national convention set out in the Puerta del Cielo agreement is indispensable as a broad dialogue space for talks and finding solutions to the problems facing our country. We accept the structure proposed by the preparatory commission for the convention and invite the various sectors of society to actively participate in its implementation.

Page 1, Article 5,
The progress and consolidation of the peace process requires the strengthening of trust between the parties, the overcoming of obstacles and difficulties, and the support and commitment of the various sectors of society.

Page 2, Article 6,
The members of Colombian society involved in the meeting urge the parties to proceed swiftly in reaching an agreement to allow the full application of international humanitarian law in the context of the agenda defined between them.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 2, Article 6,
The members of Colombian society involved in the meeting urge the parties to proceed swiftly in reaching an agreement to allow the full application of international humanitarian law in the context of the agenda defined between them.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, Article 3,
As a result of the armed confrontation that has taken place in the south of Bolívar in recent days, serious difficulties have arisen in the process between the national government and ELN. In light of these circumstances, the friendly countries and the facilitation commission will foster the creation of the conditions required to continue with the process.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, Article 7,
This meeting for the Consensus for Peace in Colombia is an important step in strengthening the peace process between the national government and ELN. We will work to create conditions that favour the convergence of the various peace processes that are underway.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Page 2, Signatories,
CRISTINA DÍAZ, Consejera de la Misión Permanente de Espana ante las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra
Other international signatory: Pages 2-3, Signatories,
CARLOS AMAT FORÉS, Embajador de Cuba
FERNANDO ARIAS SALGADO, Embajador de Espana en Suiza
YAGO PICO DE COAÑA, Embajador de Espana en Colombia
MIGUEL DIAZ-PACHE, Asesor Político para América del Sur, de la Dirección de Politica Exterior para Iberoamérica del Gobierno de Espana
...
JEAN-MARC LAFORÉT, Director Adjunto para America del Sur; Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Francia
ARNE AASHEIM, Embajador de Noruega en Guatemala
VIKTOR CHRISTEN, Embajador de Suiza en Colombia
KARL MAITU, Comité lnternacional de la Cruz Roja
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Center for International Policy, hard copy.
Also available online with Fundacion Ideas para la Paz, at http://www.ideaspaz.org/tools/download/51152 (Accessed on January 8 2020, archived with Wayback Machine).

DECLARATION OF GENEVA:

ATTENDEES OF THE MEETING FOR THE NATIONAL CONSENSUS FOR PEACE IN COLOMBIA

Geneva, Switzerland, 25 July 2000

DECLARATION

We support the peace process between the national government and the National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN) and the agreements that have been reached so far, understanding that the path of political negotiation is the most beneficial for society.

The formation of groups of friendly countries (Switzerland, Norway, France, Spain and Cuba) shows the growing interest of the international community in the situation in Colombia and its commitment to contribute to finding a negotiated political solution.

As a result of the armed confrontation that has taken place in the south of Bolívar in recent days, serious difficulties have arisen in the process between the national government and ELN.

In light of these circumstances, the friendly countries and the facilitation commission will foster the creation of the conditions required to continue with the process.

In the spirit of the National Consensus for Peace in Colombia, which has been accepted by the meeting, we believe that the national convention set out in the Puerta del Cielo agreement is indispensable as a broad dialogue space for talks and finding solutions to the problems facing our country.

We accept the structure proposed by the preparatory commission for the convention and invite the various sectors of society to actively participate in its implementation.

The progress and consolidation of the peace process requires the strengthening of trust between the parties, the overcoming of obstacles and difficulties, and the support and commitment of the various sectors of society.

The members of Colombian society involved in the meeting urge the parties to proceed swiftly in reaching an agreement to allow the full application of international humanitarian law in the context of the agenda defined between them.

This meeting for the Consensus for Peace in Colombia is an important step in strengthening the peace process between the national government and ELN.

We will work to create conditions that favour the convergence of the various peace processes that are underway.

The deliberations and proposals of this meeting are the expression of its pluralist spirit and will be taken into account by the operative committee to enrich the process.

We express our gratitude to the Swiss government, the Institute of Development Studies and the friendly countries for their commitment to peace in Colombia and the solidarity and warm welcome with which they have provided us.

En constancia,

Por el Gobierno colombiano:

CAMILO GÓMEZ ALZATE

Alto Comisionado para la Paz

Por el Ejército de Liberación Nacional:

ANTONIO GARCÍA

Como testigos:

CARLOS AMAT FORÉS, Embajador de Cuba

FERNANDO ARIAS SALGADO, Embajador de Espana en Suiza

YAGO PICO DE COAÑA, Embajador de Espana en Colombia

MIGUEL DIAZ-PACHE, Asesor Político para América del Sur, de la Dirección de Politica Exterior para Iberoamérica del Gobierno de Espana

CRISTINA DÍAZ, Consejera de la Misión Permanente de Espana ante las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra

JEAN-MARC LAFORÉT, Director Adjunto para America del Sur;

Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Francia

ARNE AASHEIM, Embajador de Noruega en Guatemala

VIKTOR CHRISTEN, Embajador de Suiza en Colombia

KARL MAITU, Comité lnternacional de la Cruz Roja