Agreement on establishment of the cease-fire on the lines of contact made by LG Ratko Mladic and General Milivoj Petkovic

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement on establishment of the cease-fire on the lines of contact made by LG Ratko Mladic and General Milivoj Petkovic
Date: 16 May 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia Local peace processes
Parties: LT GEN Ratko Mladic; GEN Milovoj Petkovic
Third parties: Witness: LT GEN Philippe Morillon
Description: This short agreement provides for a ceasefire to commence on May 18, 1993. It also provides to expedite a prisoner exchange process, exchange of bodies, freedom of movement for civilians across front lines, and freedom of movement for flows of humanitarian aid.

Agreement document: BA_930516_Agreement on Establishment of the Cease-fire.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, 4.
The sides shall permit freedom of movement for the civilian population from one side to the other, according to the wish of the civilian population.

Page 1, 5.
The sides recognize their duty to permit freedom of movement £or the humanitarian convoys over the territories which are under the control of their respective forces.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, 5.
The sides recognize their duty to permit freedom of movement £or the humanitarian convoys over the territories which are under the control of their respective forces.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 1.
The sides shall cease all hostilities on the lines of contact between all the units which are under their command. The sides shall ensure that the necessary orders are given to their troops so that the cease-£ire shall commence on May 18, 1993 et 1200:hours.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, 2.
The sides agree to expedite the process of the exchange of prisoners of war which has already begun. The sides further agree that all prisoners of both sides shall be exchanged by the first of June 1993.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 1, 3.
The sides shall begin immediately the exchange of all the bodies of both sides. The process shall be completed no later than the first of July 1993.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Witnessed by: UNPROFOR LT GEN Philippe Morillon
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 6.
Any areas of dispute will be solved through negotiations between the sides, with the assistance of UNPROFOR.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, 6.
Any areas of dispute will be solved through negotiations between the sides, with the assistance of UNPROFOR.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ICTY Court Records, Prlic et. al trial exhibit 4D00864.E
http://icr.icty.org/

AGREEMENT ON ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CEASE-FIRE ON THE LINES OF CONTACT MADE BY LG RATKO MLADIC AND GENERAL MILIVOJ PETKOVIC REPRESENTITIVES OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES:

LT GEN RATKO MLADIC

MILIVOJ PETKOVIC

1. The sides shall cease all hostilities on the lines of contact between all the units which are under their command.

The sides shall ensure that the necessary orders are given to their troops so that the cease-£ire shall commence on May 18, 1993 et 1200:

hours.

2. The sides agree to expedite the process of the exchange of prisoners of war which has already begun.

The sides further agree that all prisoners of both sides shall be exchanged by the first of June 1993.

3. The sides shall begin immediately the exchange of all the bodies of both sides.

The process shall be completed no later than the first of July 1993.

4. The sides shall permit freedom of movement for the civilian population from one side to the other, according to the wish of the civilian population.

5. The sides recognize their duty to permit freedom of movement £or the humanitarian convoys over the territories which are under the control of their respective forces.

6. Any areas of dispute will be solved through negotiations between the sides, with the assistance of UNPROFOR.

Done at Sarajevo Airport on the sixteenth day of May 1993, in two copies, both copies equally authentic .