Agreement

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement
Date: 20 Apr 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: BiH ARMY COMMANDER IN CHIEF, SEFER HALILOVIC; HVO COMMANDER IN CHIEF MILIVOJ PETKOVIC
Third parties: COMMANDER UN BH COMMAND, GENERAL PHILIPPE MORILLON; ECMM/ HRC ZENICA, JEAN-PIERRE THEBAULT
Description: This short agreement provides commitment to implementing a complete and immediate ceasefire. It establishes a joint operational centre and a joint headquarters in Central Bosnia, and local joint commissions, to ensure cooperation. UNPROFOR commits to supporting these measures.

Agreement document: BA_930420_Agreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Merger of forces
Page 1, 1.
BiH ARMY AND HVO ARE BOTH LEGAL MILITARY FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND ARE TREATED EQUALLY.
Power sharing→Military power sharing→Joint command structures
Page 1, 3.
VITEZ JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE IS ESTABLISHED AT THE LEVEL OF THIRD CORPS BiH ARMY AND HVO OZ MIDDLE BOSNIA AS THE BEGINNING OF A JOINT HEAD QUARTER WHICH IS TO BE CREATED COMPLETELY IN THE FOLLOWING DAYS. THIS JOINT OC WILL BE HEADED AT ITS BEGINNING BY BOTH DEPUTY COMMANDERS AND WILL INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES OF ALL BRIGADES OF BOTH SIDE. IT WILL BE PROVISIONALLY LOCATED IN THE PRESENT BUSOVACA JOINT COMMISSION, IN VITEZ, WHICH WILL PROVIDE CLOSE COOPERATION. UNPROFOR WILL PROVIDE ALL THE SUPPORT NEEDED, ESPECIALLY
CONCERNING SECURITY. LOCAL JOINT COMMISSIONS WILL BE ESTABLISHED AT THE SAME TIME AT THE LEVEL OF THE BRIGADES COMMANDERS, IN ORDER TO ENSURE FULL AND IMMEDIATE COOPERATION. THE JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED WEDNESDAY THE 21st OF APRIL AND WILL IMMEDIATELY BEGIN ITS WORK ON ALL THE AREA. IT WILL BE ABLE TO ISSUE COMMON ORDERS, TO BE APPLIED IMMEDIATELY ON THE GROUND.

Page 1, 4.
THE COMMANDERS IN CHIEF WILL MEET EACH WEEK IN ORDER TO ENSURE A CLOSE AND PERMANENT COOPERATION ON ALL THE SUBJECTS. SUCH MEETINGS WILL BE ORGANISED ALTERNATIVELY IN MOSTAR AND IN ZENICA. NEXT MEETING WILL TAKE PLACE IN MOSTAR.

Page 1, 5.
INFORMATION ON THE PROGRESS MADE AT ALL THE LEVELS WILL BE COLLECTED EVERY DAY. ONE COMMON REPORT WILL BE MADE EVERYDAY AT THE LEVEL OF THE CORPS COMMANDER AND OF THE OZ COMMANDER, FOR IMMEDIATE INFORMATION OF BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 2.
ALL COMMANDERS, AT ALL THE LEVELS, HAVE TO OBEY AND IMPLEMENT A COMPLETE AND IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE ON ALL THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC. NO BREACHING, FOR ANY REASON, IS ACCEPTABLE. IMMEDIATE ORDERS ARE ISSUED BY BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF TO MAKE THIS COMPLETELY OBEYED.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, 1.
BiH ARMY AND HVO ARE BOTH LEGAL MILITARY FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND ARE TREATED EQUALLY.

Page 1, 2.
ALL COMMANDERS, AT ALL THE LEVELS, HAVE TO OBEY AND IMPLEMENT A COMPLETE AND IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE ON ALL THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC. NO BREACHING, FOR ANY REASON, IS ACCEPTABLE. IMMEDIATE ORDERS ARE ISSUED BY BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF TO MAKE THIS COMPLETELY OBEYED.

Page 1, 3.
VITEZ JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE IS ESTABLISHED AT THE LEVEL OF THIRD CORPS BiH ARMY AND HVO OZ MIDDLE BOSNIA AS THE BEGINNING OF A JOINT HEAD QUARTER WHICH IS TO BE CREATED COMPLETELY IN THE FOLLOWING DAYS. THIS JOINT OC WILL BE HEADED AT ITS BEGINNING BY BOTH DEPUTY COMMANDERS AND WILL INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES OF ALL BRIGADES OF BOTH SIDE. IT WILL BE PROVISIONALLY LOCATED IN THE PRESENT BUSOVACA JOINT COMMISSION, IN VITEZ, WHICH WILL PROVIDE CLOSE COOPERATION. UNPROFOR WILL PROVIDE ALL THE SUPPORT NEEDED, ESPECIALLY
CONCERNING SECURITY. LOCAL JOINT COMMISSIONS WILL BE ESTABLISHED AT THE SAME TIME AT THE LEVEL OF THE BRIGADES COMMANDERS, IN ORDER TO ENSURE FULL AND IMMEDIATE COOPERATION. THE JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED WEDNESDAY THE 21st OF APRIL AND WILL IMMEDIATELY BEGIN ITS WORK ON ALL THE AREA. IT WILL BE ABLE TO ISSUE COMMON ORDERS, TO BE APPLIED IMMEDIATELY ON THE GROUND.

Page 1, 4.
THE COMMANDERS IN CHIEF WILL MEET EACH WEEK IN ORDER TO ENSURE A CLOSE AND PERMANENT COOPERATION ON ALL THE SUBJECTS. SUCH MEETINGS WILL BE ORGANISED ALTERNATIVELY IN MOSTAR AND IN ZENICA. NEXT MEETING WILL TAKE PLACE IN MOSTAR.

Page 1, 5.
INFORMATION ON THE PROGRESS MADE AT ALL THE LEVELS WILL BE COLLECTED EVERY DAY. ONE COMMON REPORT WILL BE MADE EVERYDAY AT THE LEVEL OF THE CORPS COMMANDER AND OF THE OZ COMMANDER, FOR IMMEDIATE INFORMATION OF BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, 1.
BiH ARMY AND HVO ARE BOTH LEGAL MILITARY FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND ARE TREATED EQUALLY.

Page 1, 2.
ALL COMMANDERS, AT ALL THE LEVELS, HAVE TO OBEY AND IMPLEMENT A COMPLETE AND IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE ON ALL THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC. NO BREACHING, FOR ANY REASON, IS ACCEPTABLE. IMMEDIATE ORDERS ARE ISSUED BY BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF TO MAKE THIS COMPLETELY OBEYED.

Page 1, 3.
VITEZ JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE IS ESTABLISHED AT THE LEVEL OF THIRD CORPS BiH ARMY AND HVO OZ MIDDLE BOSNIA AS THE BEGINNING OF A JOINT HEAD QUARTER WHICH IS TO BE CREATED COMPLETELY IN THE FOLLOWING DAYS. THIS JOINT OC WILL BE HEADED AT ITS BEGINNING BY BOTH DEPUTY COMMANDERS AND WILL INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES OF ALL BRIGADES OF BOTH SIDE. IT WILL BE PROVISIONALLY LOCATED IN THE PRESENT BUSOVACA JOINT COMMISSION, IN VITEZ, WHICH WILL PROVIDE CLOSE COOPERATION. UNPROFOR WILL PROVIDE ALL THE SUPPORT NEEDED, ESPECIALLY
CONCERNING SECURITY. LOCAL JOINT COMMISSIONS WILL BE ESTABLISHED AT THE SAME TIME AT THE LEVEL OF THE BRIGADES COMMANDERS, IN ORDER TO ENSURE FULL AND IMMEDIATE COOPERATION. THE JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED WEDNESDAY THE 21st OF APRIL AND WILL IMMEDIATELY BEGIN ITS WORK ON ALL THE AREA. IT WILL BE ABLE TO ISSUE COMMON ORDERS, TO BE APPLIED IMMEDIATELY ON THE GROUND.

Page 1, 4.
THE COMMANDERS IN CHIEF WILL MEET EACH WEEK IN ORDER TO ENSURE A CLOSE AND PERMANENT COOPERATION ON ALL THE SUBJECTS. SUCH MEETINGS WILL BE ORGANISED ALTERNATIVELY IN MOSTAR AND IN ZENICA. NEXT MEETING WILL TAKE PLACE IN MOSTAR.

Page 1, 5.
INFORMATION ON THE PROGRESS MADE AT ALL THE LEVELS WILL BE COLLECTED EVERY DAY. ONE COMMON REPORT WILL BE MADE EVERYDAY AT THE LEVEL OF THE CORPS COMMANDER AND OF THE OZ COMMANDER, FOR IMMEDIATE INFORMATION OF BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 3.
VITEZ JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE IS ESTABLISHED AT THE LEVEL OF THIRD CORPS BiH ARMY AND HVO OZ MIDDLE BOSNIA AS THE BEGINNING OF A JOINT HEAD QUARTER WHICH IS TO BE CREATED COMPLETELY IN THE FOLLOWING DAYS. THIS JOINT OC WILL BE HEADED AT ITS BEGINNING BY BOTH DEPUTY COMMANDERS AND WILL INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES OF ALL BRIGADES OF BOTH SIDE. IT WILL BE PROVISIONALLY LOCATED IN THE PRESENT BUSOVACA JOINT COMMISSION, IN VITEZ, WHICH WILL PROVIDE CLOSE COOPERATION. UNPROFOR WILL PROVIDE ALL THE SUPPORT NEEDED, ESPECIALLY
CONCERNING SECURITY.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ICTY Court Records, Prlic et. al trial exhibit P01988
http://icr.icty.org/

AGREEMENT

DURING THEIR COMMON MEETING HELD IN ZENICA AND CO-CHAIRED BY GENERAL MORILLON, COMMANDER UN BH COMMAND, AND MR THEBAULT, ECMM HRC ZENICA, FOLLOWING HIGH LEVEL REPRESENTATIVES HAVE AGREED ON:

1/ BiH ARMY AND HVO ARE BOTH LEGAL MILITARY FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND ARE TREATED EQUALLY.

2/ ALL COMMANDERS, AT ALL THE LEVELS, HAVE TO OBEY AND IMPLEMENT A COMPLETE AND IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE ON ALL THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC.

NO BREACHING, FOR ANY REASON, IS ACCEPTABLE.

IMMEDIATE ORDERS ARE ISSUED BY BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF TO MAKE THIS COMPLETELY OBEYED.

3 / VITEZ JOINT OPERATIONAL CENTRE IS ES'rABLISHED AT THE LEVEL OF THIRD CORPS BiH ARMY AND HVO OZ MIDDLE BOSNIA AS THE BEGINNING OF A JOINT HEAD QUARTER WHICH IS TO BE CREATED COMPLETELY IN THE FOLLOWING DAYS.

THIS JOINT OC WILL BE HEADED AT ITS BEGINNING BY BOTH DEPUTY COMMANDERS AND WILL INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES OF ALL BRIGADES OF

BOTH SIDE.

IT WILL BE PROVISIONALLY LOCATED IN THE PRESENT BUSOVACA JOINT COMMISSION, IN VITEZ, WHICH WILL PROVIDE CLOSE COOPERATION.

UNPROFOR WILL PROVIDE ALL THE SUPPORT NEEDED, ESPECIALLY CONCERNING SECURITY.

LOCAL JOINT COMMISSIONS WILL BE ESTABLISHED AT THE SAME TIME AT.THE LEVEL OF THE BRIGADES COMMANDERS, IN ORDER TO ENSURE FULL AND IMMEDIATE COOPERATION.

THE JOINT 9PERATIONAL CENTRE WILL BE IMPLEMENTED WEDNESDAY THE 21st OF APRIL AND WILL IMMEDIATELY BEGIN ITS WORK ON ALL THE AREA.

IT WILL BE ABLE TO ISSUE COMMON ORDERS, TO BE APPLIED

IMMEDIATELY ON THE GROUND.

4/ THE COMMANDERS IN CHIEF WILL MEET EACH WEEK IN ORDER TO ENSURE A CLOSE AND PERMANENT COOPERATION ON ALL THE SUBJECTS.

SUCH MEETINGS WILL BE ORGANISED ALTERNATIVELY IN MOSTAR AND IN ZENICA.

NEXT MEETING WILL TAKE PLACE IN MOSTAR.

5/ INFORMATION ON THE PROGRESS MADE AT ALL THE LEVELS WILL BE COLLECTED EVERY DAY.

ONE.COMMON REPORT WILL BE MADE EVERYDAY AT THE.LEVEL OF THE CORPS COMMANDER AND OF THE OZ COMMANDER, FOR IMMEDIATE INFORMATION OF BOTH COMMANDERS IN CHIEF.