Comunicado del Presidente Andres Pastrana y Manuel Marulanda de las FARC (Acuerdo de Caquetania)

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Comunicado del Presidente Andres Pastrana y Manuel Marulanda de las FARC (Acuerdo de Caquetania)
Date: 2 May 1999
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia III - Arango
Parties: Andrés Pastrana Arango, National Government
Manuel Marulanda Vélez, FARC
Third parties: -
Description: Largely rhetorical statement about the parties' commitment to the peace process and the importance of broad participation in the process. Further committing to restart negotiations on May 6, and announcing intention to establish an international verification commission for the peace process.

Agreement document: CO_990502_AcuerdoDeCaquetania - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_990502_AcuerdoDeCaquetania.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2, Article 6,
We would like to call the attention of the Colombian people and the international
community to the fact that obtaining peace is a commitment that involves all
Colombians and requires the necessary time to lay solid foundations for genuine and
long-lasting peace.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 1, Article 3,
We are aware that the peace process requires efforts, analysis, understanding and
commitments to reach agreements on the economic, political and social transformations
to allow the construction of a state founded on social justice, with space for everyone
and where everyone is respected.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, Article 2,
After an open, cordial and sincere analysis, we found that specific and significant
progress had been made on the complex path for building reconciliation among all
Colombians.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, Article 7,
In this respect, by common agreement, we establish an international support
commission to act as a verifying body to overcome any obstacles that may arise
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Permanent Civil Society Peace Assembly (Colombia) (website)

COMMUNICATION BY PRESIDENT ANDRÉS PASTRANA AND MANUEL MARULANDA OF THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA (CAQUETANIA AGREEMENT)

2 May 1999

Communication to the public:

Under the agreement reached on 9 July 1998, we have today met to take stock of the work that has been carried out so far in the dialogue process under way between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP).

After an open, cordial and sincere analysis, we found that specific and significant progress had been made on the complex path for building reconciliation among all Colombians.

We are aware that the peace process requires efforts, analysis, understanding and commitments to reach agreements on the economic, political and social transformations to allow the construction of a state founded on social justice, with space for everyone and where everyone is respected.

After evaluating the serious and responsible work undertaken by the spokespeople, we have concluded that we are close to reaching a full agreement for a common agenda.

Given that the deadline for talks set by the national government will pass on 5 May, and once again reaffirming the irrenunciable political desire of the parties to find a political solution to the conflict, we agree to the initiation of a period of negotiation and dialogue on the points of the common agenda that have already been agreed on 6 May.

These points will be communicated by the spokespeople, notwithstanding any progress made in these areas before this date.

The parties have committed to implementing the agreement signed on 28 April between the heads of the country’s various political forces, the heads of the Congress of the Republic, FARC–EP and the national government through the High Commissioner for Peace.

We would like to call the attention of the Colombian people and the international community to the fact that obtaining peace is a commitment that involves all Colombians and requires the necessary time to lay solid foundations for genuine and long-lasting peace.

In this respect, by common agreement, we establish an international support commission to act as a verifying body to overcome any obstacles that may arise.

Signed in Caquetania, 2 May 1999

Andrés Pastrana Arango

Manuel Marulanda Vélez