Addendum to the Agreement on the Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Addendum to the Agreement on the Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia
Date: 23 Sep 1992
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: President of the Republic of Croatia: Dr. Franjo Tudjman;
President of Presidency of The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Alija Izetbegovic
Third parties: -
Description: This agreement is an addendum to the Agreement on the Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia, signed on 21 July 1992. It provides for further cooperation in the realms of defence, including a joint request to lift the international arms embargo, and a commitment to prosecute war crimes, particularly crimes of genocide.

Agreement document: BA_920923_Addendum to the Friendship and Cooperation Agreement between Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: Page 1, 2.
The need is again emphasized to strengthen the efforts on finding a political solution to the end of the war and the implementation of state model principles for Bosnia and Herzegovina as an equal and complete community of three constitutional nations.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1, 5.
The policies of protecting human rights, prosecuting and punishing war criminals, especially the perpetrators of the crimes of genocide, will be persistently and consistently promoted in accordance with customary and international law.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, 3.
In accordance with the right to self-defense and mutual defense from aggression, a mutual Committee on coordination of defense efforts will be established, until the aggression ceases completely.

Page 1, 4.
Republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Croatia will jointly ask for a repeal of the embargo on the import of arms into the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Croatia legitimized by the United Nations Security Council resolution 713.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: Transitional justice→Courts→National courts
Page 1, 5.
The policies of protecting human rights, prosecuting and punishing war criminals, especially the perpetrators of the crimes of genocide, will be persistently and consistently promoted in accordance with customary and international law.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ICTY Court Records, Gotovina trial exhibit D01798.E
http://icr.icty.org/

ADDENDUM TO THE AGREEMENT ON THE FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

1. Previous diplomatic, political and humanitarian efforts of the international community haven't stopped the aggression on the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia, sovereign members of the UN, nor have they mitigated sufferings of the civilian population.

Therefore the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia require an energetic reaction by the international community to protect them from aggression, in accordance with regulations of the Seventh chapter of the Charter of the United Nations.

2. The need is again emphasized to strengthen the efforts on finding a political solution to the end of the war and the implementation of state model principles for Bosnia and Herzegovina as an equal and complete community of three constitutional nations.

3. In accordance with the right to self-defense and mutual defense from aggression, a mutual Committee on coordination of defense efforts will be established, until the aggression ceases completely.

4. Republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Croatia will jointly ask for a repeal of the embargo on the import of arms into the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Croatia legitimized by the United Nations Security Council resolution 713.

5. The policies of protecting human rights, prosecuting and punishing war criminals, especially the perpetrators of the crimes of genocide, will be persistently and consistently promoted in accordance with customary and international law.

In New York, September 23rd 1992

President of the Republic of Croatia

dr. Franjo Tudjman

President of Presidency of The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Alija Izetbegovic