Declaration of 19 September 1992 of Haris Silajdzic, Radovan Karadizic and Mate Boban

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Declaration of 19 September 1992 of Haris Silajdzic, Radovan Karadizic and Mate Boban
Date: 19 Sep 1992
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: Haris Silajdzic; Radovan Karadzic; Mate Boban
Third parties: -
Description: In this short agreement, parties to the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina recognise the importance of humanitarian assistance, and agree to grant safe passage for relief convoys and released detainees.

Agreement document: BA_920919_Declaration of 19 September 1992 of Haris Silajdzic, Radovan Karadzic, and Mate Boban.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, 2.
b. The parties to the conflict will, no later than 24 September 1992, identify to the UNHCR representatives, designated representatives of the 1 authorities (at the military police or political level) at all relevant locations with whom the practical arrangements for the expansions of the relief missions and road convoys for the benefit of all victims in need will be made.

Page 1, 3.
The parties to the conflict agree to cooperate fully with the International Committee of the Red Cross and, as applicable, UNPROFOR to ensure passage for convoys of released detainees, where necessary. They agree cooperate fully in allowing and being responsible for the free movement of persons.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1, 4.
Recognizing the obligation of all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law and in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto, the parties to the conflict agree abstain from measures which would hinder the availability of basic necessities, including electricity and water, to the civilian population in all areas including Sarajevo. They further agree to provide all possible assistance ensure the supply of such necessities.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, 1.
The parties to the conflict recognise the vital humanitarian importance of the airlift operation to Sarajevo and, in this connection, agree to undertake promptly all necessary measures for the security of the airport and its approaches in order to allow the immediate resumption of the airlift operation in safety.
Page 1, 2.
In order to enhance the earliest possible development of the system of land convoys to deliver humanitarian assistance on the basis of negotiated safe passage, the parties agree to the following specific steps:
a. To grant and ensure safe passage on all roads necessary for the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Priority will be given in the first instance very following additional routes: - Split-Mostar-Sarajevo; - Zagreb-Slav. Brod-Doboj-Zenica-Sarajevo;
- Belgrade-Sabac-Loznica-Tuzla-Vlasenica-Sarajevo; and - Belgrade-Uzice-Gorazde. Alternative routes are being pursued.

Page 1, 3.
The parties to the conflict agree to cooperate fully with the International Committee of the Red Cross and, as applicable, UNPROFOR to ensure passage for convoys of released detainees, where necessary. They agree cooperate fully in allowing and being responsible for the free movement of persons.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, 2.
In order to enhance the earliest possible development of the system of land convoys to deliver humanitarian assistance on the basis of negotiated safe passage, the parties agree to the following specific steps:
a. To grant and ensure safe passage on all roads necessary for the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Priority will be given in the first instance very following additional routes: - Split-Mostar-Sarajevo; - Zagreb-Slav. Brod-Doboj-Zenica-Sarajevo;
- Belgrade-Sabac-Loznica-Tuzla-Vlasenica-Sarajevo; and - Belgrade-Uzice-Gorazde. Alternative routes are being pursued.

Page 1, 2.
b. The parties to the conflict will, no later than 24 September 1992, identify to the UNHCR representatives, designated representatives of the 1 authorities (at the military police or political level) at all relevant locations with whom the practical arrangements for the expansions of the relief missions and road convoys for the benefit of all victims in need will be made.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: Page 1, 4.
Recognizing the obligation of all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law and in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto, the parties to the conflict agree abstain from measures which would hinder the availability of basic necessities, including electricity and water, to the civilian population in all areas including Sarajevo. They further agree to provide all possible assistance ensure the supply of such necessities.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Page 1, 2.
b. The parties to the conflict will, no later than 24 September 1992, identify to the UNHCR representatives, designated representatives of the 1 authorities (at the military police or political level) at all relevant locations with whom the practical arrangements for the expansions of the relief missions and road convoys for the benefit of all victims in need will be made.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, 3.
The parties to the conflict agree to cooperate fully with the International Committee of the Red Cross and, as applicable, UNPROFOR to ensure passage for convoys of released detainees, where necessary. They agree cooperate fully in allowing and being responsible for the free movement of persons.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 1, 2.
b. The parties to the conflict will, no later than 24 September 1992, identify to the UNHCR representatives, designated representatives of the 1 authorities (at the military police or political level) at all relevant locations with whom the practical arrangements for the expansions of the relief missions and road convoys for the benefit of all victims in need will be made.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 3.
The parties to the conflict agree to cooperate fully with the International Committee of the Red Cross and, as applicable, UNPROFOR to ensure passage for convoys of released detainees, where necessary. They agree cooperate fully in allowing and being responsible for the free movement of persons.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Ramcharan, B.G., (edited by) The International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia: Official Papers, volume 2 (The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1997) p.1381

DECLARATION OF 19 SEPTEMBER 1992 OF HARIS SILAJDZIC, RADOVAN KARADIZIC, AND MATE BOBAN

The parties to the conflict reconfirm their commitment to full collaboration on the Programme of Action of Humanitarian Issues agreed between the Co-Chairmen to the Conference, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the parties to the conflict at the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia in London.

In furtherance of the Programme of Action and the enhanced delivery of humanitarian assistance to Bosnia and Herzegovina, the parties to the conflict agree to the following measures:

1. The parties to the conflict recognise the vital humanitarian importance of the airlift operation to Sarajevo and, in this connection, agree to undertake promptly all necessary measures for the security of the airport and its approaches in order to allow the immediate resumption of the airlift operation in safety.

2. In order to enhance the earliest possible development of the system of land convoys to deliver humanitarian assistance on the basis of negotiated safe passage, the parties agree to the following specific steps:

a. To grant and ensure safe passage on all roads necessary for the delivery of humanitarian assistance.

Priority will be given in the first instance very following additional routes:

- Split-Mostar-Sarajevo;

- Zagreb-Slav.

Brod-Doboj-Zenica-Sarajevo;

- Belgrade-Sabac-Loznica-Tuzla-Vlasenica-Sarajevo;

and

- Belgrade-Uzice-Gorazde.

Alternative routes are being pursued.

b. The parties to the conflict will, no later than 24 September 1992, identify to the UNHCR representatives, designated representatives of the 1 authorities (at the military police or political level) at all relevant locations with whom the practical arrangements for the expansions of the relief missions and road convoys for the benefit of all victims in need will be made.

3. The parties to the conflict agree to cooperate fully with the International Committee of the Red Cross and, as applicable, UNPROFOR to ensure passage for convoys of released detainees, where necessary.

They agree cooperate fully in allowing and being responsible for the free movement of persons.

4. Recognizing the obligation of all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law and in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto, the parties to the conflict agree abstain from measures which would hinder the availability of basic necessities, including electricity and water, to the civilian population in all areas including Sarajevo.

They further agree to provide all possible assistance ensure the supply of such necessities.