Communique du Comite de Suivi de l'Accord de Paix

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Mali
Azawad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Communique du Comite de Suivi de l'Accord de Paix
Date: 20 Jan 2016
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Tuareg Wars (1962 - )
Mali-Azawad
The nomadic Tuareg in the north of Mali maintained a long-standing revolt against a government traditionally dominated by southern politicians shortly after Mali became independent from France in 1960. The uprisings focused in and around the Azawad region, north of Timbuktu. After several outbreaks of violence during the 1980s, violence peaked with the 1990 outbreak of the Tuareg Rebellion. Following an initial defeat by the Malian Armed Forces, reparations by the government of Alpha Konare included the creation of the self-governing Kidal region. Violence in 1994 died down following peace between moderates on both sides in 1995 and a negotiated peace agreement. Violence continued due to a lack of integration by combatants, but it was not until 2011 that the situation again escalated in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and the disintegration of Libya, which resulted in a heavy inflow of small arms, and the increased involvement by Algeria. In January 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) together with several other groups took full control of the region. Disputes on how to handle the situation led to a military coup against President Touré in March 2012 that, in turn, resulted in further turmoil. The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, but soon lost control of most of the territory to radical Islamist militias including Ansar Dine. A French intervention in January 2013 paved the way for a UN mission, which was established in April of that year. In June 2015 multiple declarations culminated in a final agreement between several Azawad-affiliated groups, including MNLA, and the government of Mali to end hostilities. However, inadequate implementation of the agreement results in continual armed confrontations between pro-government militias, Azawad-affiliated groups, dissidents of Azawad-affiliated groups, ethnically oriented groups, and increasingly since 2017, radical Islamist militias.

Niger-Aïr-Azawad
In 1990 the nomadic Tuareg in northern Niger explicitly sought greater political autonomy following decades of grievances on local political exclusion. With the first armed group Aïr and Azawad Liberation Front (FLAA) to be established in 1991, fighting between 1990 to 1995 took place largely in the Air Mountains. A short-lived truce was agreed in 1994 between the Niger Government and the Tuareg umbrella organisation Coordination of Armed Resistance (CRA), later called Organisation of Armed Resistance (ORA). Another accord was signed in April 1995 in Ouagadougou with various other Tuareg groups and some Toubou, the last signing in 1998. After ten years of relative peace, Movement of Nigeriens for Justice (MNJ) reinvigorated conflicts in 2007 following little follow up by the Nigeriene government on the signed peace agreements.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties: Not signed, agreement mentions the following parties:

Page 1:
At the invitation of His Excellency Mr Ramtane Lamamra, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Leader of the Mediation, an extended high-level consultative meeting of members of the Monitoring Committee for the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali stemming from the Algiers Process, took place in Algiers on January 18, 2016.
Third parties: -
Description: This is a communique about the progress and the obstacles in the implementation of the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali. It includes the reaffirmation of commitments made in the previous Agreement and the repeated reiteration of the to continue towards peace and reconciliation in Mali.

Agreement document: ML_160120_Communique du Comite du Suivi de l'Accord de Paix.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_160120_Communique du Comite de Suivi de l'Accord de Paix_FR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 2, Article 10:
[The participants:]
Also make an appeal for the financial resources needed for the proper functioning of the Monitoring Committee for the Agreement and its mechanisms, including the continued presence in Bamako of the representatives of the Parties within these bodies; as well as operationalisation of mixed patrols. They underline the importance of urgent strategic level discussions between the Malian signatory parties.

Page 2, Article 11:
[The participants:]
Encourage the international community to maintain its political, technical and financial support, in implementing the Agreement, in particular in carrying out the development programmes planned for northern Mali, so that the target populations may begin to realise the dividends of peace.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1, Article 5:
[The participants:]
Applaud the progress made in implementing the Agreement since its signature, in particular concerning the cessation of hostilities, while calling on all Parties to remain engaged with the peace process, in order to maintain and consolidate the achievements made to date.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, Article 1:
[The participants:]
Note with concern the persistence, multiplication and expansion of terrorist and criminal attacks on the Malian Defence and Security Forces, and on the groups party to this agreement, international troops and the civilian population; vigorously condemn these attacks, and reiterate their support for efforts to neutralise terrorist groups and criminals. Referring to the terrorist attacks in Mali and Burkina Faso, they stress the need for not only the Malian signatory parties, but also the countries of the wider region to work in unison, with the active support of the international community.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Article 1:
[The participants:]
Note with concern the persistence, multiplication and expansion of terrorist and criminal attacks on the Malian Defence and Security Forces, and on the groups party to this agreement, international troops and the civilian population; vigorously condemn these attacks, and reiterate their support for efforts to neutralise terrorist groups and criminals. Referring to the terrorist attacks in Mali and Burkina Faso, they stress the need for not only the Malian signatory parties, but also the countries of the wider region to work in unison, with the active support of the international community.

Page 1, Article 4:
[The participants:]
Welcome the intra and intercommunity rapprochement between the Platform and the SMA Groups, following the meetings at Anefside in September and October 2015. The participants urge the two Parties to pursue and intensify their efforts towards rapprochement, and fully commit to it, in order to achieve national reconciliation between all the sons of Mali.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: Page 1, Article 1:
[The participants:]
Note with concern the persistence, multiplication and expansion of terrorist and criminal attacks on the Malian Defence and Security Forces, and on the groups party to this agreement, international troops and the civilian population; vigorously condemn these attacks, and reiterate their support for efforts to neutralise terrorist groups and criminals. Referring to the terrorist attacks in Mali and Burkina Faso, they stress the need for not only the Malian signatory parties, but also the countries of the wider region to work in unison, with the active support of the international community.

Page 1, Article 2:
[The participants:]
Reiterate their full support for the Agreement, and its complete and full implementation, while emphasising again that the Agreement is a balanced document which takes into account the legitimate preoccupations of all the parties, and that its effective implementation will lead to a sustainable solution to the crises which have affected northern Mali, and enable greater isolation of the terrorist and criminal elements.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: Page 1, Article 1:
[The participants:]
Note with concern the persistence, multiplication and expansion of terrorist and criminal attacks on the Malian Defence and Security Forces, and on the groups party to this agreement, international troops and the civilian population; vigorously condemn these attacks, and reiterate their support for efforts to neutralise terrorist groups and criminals. Referring to the terrorist attacks in Mali and Burkina Faso, they stress the need for not only the Malian signatory parties, but also the countries of the wider region to work in unison, with the active support of the international community.

Page 1, Article 2:
[The participants:]
Reiterate their full support for the Agreement, and its complete and full implementation, while emphasising again that the Agreement is a balanced document which takes into account the legitimate preoccupations of all the parties, and that its effective implementation will lead to a sustainable solution to the crises which have affected northern Mali, and enable greater isolation of the terrorist and criminal elements.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, Article 4:
[The participants:]
Welcome the intra and intercommunity rapprochement between the Platform and the SMA Groups, following the meetings at Anefside in September and October 2015. The participants urge the two Parties to pursue and intensify their efforts towards rapprochement, and fully commit to it, in order to achieve national reconciliation between all the sons of Mali.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 2, Article 12:
[The participants:]
Are pleased to see the nomination and assumption of his functions of the new Special Representative of the UN Secretary General and Head of MINUSMA, Mr Mahamat Saleh Annadif, and thank his predecessor, Mr Mongi Hamdi, for his excellent contribution.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: MINUSMA

http://minusma.unmissions.org

January 20, 2016

PEACE AGREEMENT MONITORING COMMITTEE COMMUNIQUE

At the invitation of His Excellency Mr Ramtane Lamamra, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Leader of the Mediation, an extended high-level consultative meeting of members of the Monitoring Committee for the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali stemming from the Algiers Process, took place in Algiers on January 18, 2016.

This meeting enabled a discussion of how the situation has been evolving since the Agreement was signed, and of the journey the signatory parties have taken, together with the international community, on the road to peace and reconciliation in Mali.

The participants:

1. Note with concern the persistence, multiplication and expansion of terrorist and criminal attacks on the Malian Defence and Security Forces, and on the groups party to this agreement, international troops and the civilian population;

vigorously condemn these attacks, and reiterate their support for efforts to neutralise terrorist groups and criminals.

Referring to the terrorist attacks in Mali and Burkina Faso, they stress the need for not only the Malian signatory parties, but also the countries of the wider region to work in unison, with the active support of the international community.

2. Reiterate their full support for the Agreement, and its complete and full implementation, while emphasising again that the Agreement is a balanced document which takes into account the legitimate preoccupations of all the parties, and that its effective implementation will lead to a sustainable solution to the crises which have affected northern Mali, and enable greater isolation of the terrorist and criminal elements.

3. Express their appreciation to His Excellency Mr Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, President of the Republic of Mali, as well as his government, for their ongoing support for peace and reconciliation in Mali, and note with interest and optimism the information concerning the measures and steps announced by the Malian Governmental delegation.

4. Welcome the intra and intercommunity rapprochement between the Platform and the SMA Groups, following the meetings at Anefside in September and October 2015.

The participants urge the two Parties to pursue and intensify their efforts towards rapprochement, and fully commit to it, in order to achieve national reconciliation between all the sons of Mali.

5. Applaud the progress made in implementing the Agreement since its signature, in particular concerning the cessation of hostilities, while calling on all Parties to remain engaged with the peace process, in order to maintain and consolidate the achievements made to date.

6. Note the delays reported in implementing some key commitments in the Agreement, in particular those concerning the interim period, and call for an acceleration in the pace of specifying the priority actions established by the Monitoring Committee during its sixth session.

7. Recall the Malian Government’s responsibility for implementing the Agreement, and the key role to be played by the other signatory Parties to it, in a spirit of co-responsibility and effective partnership for peace and reconciliation.

8. Call for greater interaction and dialogue between the Parties outwith meetings of the Monitoring Committee, to increase mutual confidence and to implement by consensus the provisions of the Agreement;

and underline the importance of specific facilitation measures to this end.

9. Exhort the Parties concerned to implement as soon as possible the commitments made with regard to the composition of the monitoring mechanism for the Agreement, in the spirit of inclusivity advocated in the Agreement.

10. Also make an appeal for the financial resources needed for the proper functioning of the Monitoring Committee for the Agreement and its mechanisms, including the continued presence in Bamako of the representatives of the Parties within these bodies;

as well as operationalisation of mixed patrols.

They underline the importance of urgent strategic level discussions between the Malian signatory parties.

11. Encourage the international community to maintain its political, technical and financial support, in implementing the Agreement, in particular in carrying out the development programmes planned for northern Mali, so that the target populations may begin to realise the dividends of peace.

12. Are pleased to see the nomination and assumption of his functions of the new Special Representative of the UN Secretary General and Head of MINUSMA, Mr Mahamat Saleh Annadif, and thank his predecessor, Mr Mongi Hamdi, for his excellent contribution.

13. Express their gratitude to all members of the Monitoring Committee for the Agreement which is overseeing the implementation process, particularly during the most difficult episodes, and urge them to continue their efforts to build peace and reconciliation in Mali.

14. Also extend their thanks to Algeria and to His Excellency the President of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, for his committed leadership of the mediation and of the Monitoring Committee for the Agreement, as well as their generous hospitality at the meetings held on January 17 and 18, 2016, on the implementation of the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali stemming from the Algiers Process.

Algiers, January 18, 2016