Daruvar Agreement

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Croatia
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Daruvar Agreement
Date: 18 Mar 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Croatia negotiation process
Parties: Veljko Dzakula; Dusan Ecimovic; Milan Vlaisavljevic; Mladen Kulic; Djorde Lovric; Milan Radakovic; Zlatko Kos; Zdravko Sokic; Ivan Volf; Vladimir Delac, Zelimir Milnar
Third parties: UNPROFOR Representatives (illegible signatures, no names given in agreement transcript).
Description: This agreement lists the actions which will be taken by local representatives and UNPROFOR in the former municipalities in United Nations Protected Area Sector West, mostly regarding socio-economic reconstruction and restoration of mobility for civilians.

Agreement document: HR_930218_Daruvar Agreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...g. Enabling return of all expelled persons;
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizen, general
Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...e. Establishing the joint commission for normalisation of the life of citizens in the UNPA area, with special emphasis on reassessing at a later stage also establishing social activities, health care, education and sport activities;
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...d. Restoration of the telecommunication structure [illegible] with the results of preliminary inspection from August 1992, with representatives from both sides;
Mobility/access: Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...b. Unrestricted traffic of personal vehicles on roads, including the Zagreb-Belgrade Highway, further negotiations will also encompass the commercial traffic;
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...a. Complete reconstruction of the electricity and water supplies system;...c. Enabling of restoration of railway between Novska and Nova Gradiska; d. Restoration of the telecommunication structure [illegible] with the results of preliminary inspection from August 1992, with representatives from both sides;
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...b. Unrestricted traffic of personal vehicles on roads, including the Zagreb-Belgrade Highway, further negotiations will also encompass the commercial traffic;
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Other land rights
Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...h. Giving consent to civilians who are staying on both sides of the separation line to work on their land (at this moment, it is especially important and urgent that farmers are given guarantees for crops in the harvest season later in the year);
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...a. Complete reconstruction of the electricity and water supplies system;

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: UNPROFOR Representatives (illegible signatures, no names given in agreement transcript).
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...f. Unobstructed and regular meetings at the checkpoints under the supervision of the UNPROFOR;
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, 2.
In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities Daravar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:...l. Joint commissions will be formed for preparations, implementation, and monitoring, as well as supervising of all points.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Reply of the Republic of Croatia, International Court of Justice, 20 December 2010, Annex 127. p. 74
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&k=73&case=118&code=cry

AGREEMENT

1. On 18 Feb 1993 in Daruvar in the presence of UNPROFOR representatives (illegible signatures) a meeting was held between:

DZAKULA VELJKO

DUSAN ECIMOVIC

MILAN VLAISAVLJEVIC

MLADEN KULIC

LOVRIC DORDE

RADAKOVIC MILAN

ZLATKO KOS

ZDRAVKO SOKIC

IVAN VOLF

VLADIMIR DELAC

ZELIMIR MILNAR

2. In the whole region, comprised of the former municipalities:

Daruvar, Grubisno Polje, Nova Gradiska, Novska and Pakrac, which is under protection of the UNPROFOR forces, the following will be ensured:

a. Complete reconstruction of the electricity and water supplies system;

b. Unrestricted traffic of personal vehicles on roads, including the Zagreb - Belgrade Highway, further negotiations will also encompass the commercial traffic;

c. Enabling of restoration of railway between Novska and Nova Gradiska;

d. Restoration of the telecommunication structure [illegible] with the results of preliminary inspection from August 1992, with representatives from both sides;

e. Establishing the joint commission for normalisation of the life of citizens in the UNPA area, with special emphasis on reassessing and at a later stage also establishing social activities, health care, education and sport activities;

f. Unobstructed and regular meetings at the checkpoints under the supervision of the UNPROFOR;

g. Enabling return of all expelled persons;

h. Giving consent to civilians who are staying on both sides of the separation line to work on their land (at this moment, it is especially important that farmers are given guarantees for crops in the harvest season later in the year);

i. Meetings of representatives of local authorities, for the purpose of discussing the methods of (illegible) cooperation;

j. Enabling placement of containers as specified in the agreement that was achieved;

l. Joint commissions will be formed for preparations, implementation and monitoring, as well as supervising of all points.

3. Agreement is signed by representatives:

(personal signatures)