Agreement (Dubrovnik ceasefire)

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Country/entity: Croatia
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement (Dubrovnik ceasefire)
Date: 7 Dec 1991
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Croatia negotiation process
Parties: For the Supreme Command of Armed Forces of SFR of Yugoslavia: Vice-Admiral Miodrag Jokic
For the Government of Republic of Croatia: Davorin Rudolf, Minister; Ivan Cifric, Minister; Petar Kriste, Minister
Third parties: The stipulation of this Agreement is attended by the members of E.C.M.M., as confirmed by the signature of Mr. P.B. Hvalkof.
Description: This agreement provides for a mutual ceasefire in the areas of Metkovic and Dubrovnik, joint committees to undertake implementation of the agreement, mobility of passenger and cargo ships, guarantees of security and access for reconstruction workers, monitoring by the E.C.M.M. and a commitment to discuss prisoner exchange at the next meeting.

Agreement document: HR_911207_Agreement (Dubrovnik Ceasefire).pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media logistics
Page 2, Art. 5.
Both sides agree to make efforts in reopening road communications. For that purpose two members (respectively) of the mixed commission will be appointed, who will discuss and agree upon the ways and time of the implementation of this Article.
Mobility/access: Page 1-2, Art. 3.
Starting as of December 7, 1991 at 1800, JNA agrees that ships sail in and out of the Gruz Harbour for traffic of passengers and cargo with previous announcement and control of cargo in Gruz Harbour. The way and place of cargo control, according to Comma 1 of this Article will be immediately agreed between the representative of Harbour Authorities in Dubrovnik and the representatives of JNA.

Page 2, Art. 4.
Parties agree that, according to the available shipping capacities, a daily boat shuttle be set up between Dubrovnik and Cavtat and v.v., Gruz – mokosica – Zaton and v.v. At the same time a ship line is set up between Dubrovnik and the islands of Korcula, Lopud, Sipan and Mljet.

Page 2, Art. 5.
Both sides agree to make efforts in reopening road communications. For that purpose two members (respectively) of the mixed commission will be appointed, who will discuss and agree upon the ways and time of the implementation of this Article.

Page 2, Art. 6.
Both sides guarantee unimpeded work, transportation to the location and vouch for personal security to the teams for repair works on the 35KW and 110 KW power line between Ston and Komolac, equally so for the transmission plant in Komolac.

Page 2, Art. 7.
JNA guarantees unimpeded work, arrival to location and personal security to the teams to repair water installations in the area of Komolac.

Page 2, Art. 9.
The implementation of this Agreement will be monitored by the E.C.M.M. To the E.C.M.M. both sides guarantee insights in all situations, including their personal security and movement in the whole area.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 2, Art. 6.
Both sides guarantee unimpeded work, transportation to the location and vouch for personal security to the teams for repair works on the 35KW and 110 KW power line between Ston and Komolac, equally so for the transmission plant in Komolac.

Page 2, Art. 7.
JNA guarantees unimpeded work, arrival to location and personal security to the teams to repair water installations in the area of Komolac.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, Art. 6.
Both sides guarantee unimpeded work, transportation to the location and vouch for personal security to the teams for repair works on the 35KW and 110 KW power line between Ston and Komolac, equally so for the transmission plant in Komolac.

Page 2, Art. 7.
JNA guarantees unimpeded work, arrival to location and personal security to the teams to repair water installations in the area of Komolac.

Page 2, Art. 9.
The implementation of this Agreement will be monitored by the E.C.M.M. To the E.C.M.M. both sides guarantee insights in all situations, including their personal security and movement in the whole area.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Art. 1.
Both parties agree to strictly and completely observe the cease of armed battles on the whole area of communes of Metkovic and Dubrovnik, that no armed attacks will be undertaken, neither will there be any advancements against the opposite side nor any actions taken on land, sea or from sea and air, either. For that sake respective commands will immediately issue respective precise orders by 1800 hrs from December 7, 1991, latest...
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, Art. 2.
For the assurance of the safe and lasting cease of armed clashes in the area of the city of Dubrovnik and for the relief of tensions on both sides it will be the intention to gradually reduce manpower and equipment. In that resolution parties will mutually agree and inform on the ways and directions of the diminnation [sic] of armed forces in the town of Dubrovnik and its surroundings. At the replacement of forces they may require the presence of the E.C.M.M.

Page 1-2, Art. 3.
Starting as of December 7, 1991 at 1800, JNA agrees that ships sail in and out of the Gruz Harbour for traffic of passengers and cargo with previous announcement and control of cargo in Gruz Harbour. The way and place of cargo control, according to Comma 1 of this Article will be immediately agreed between the representative of Harbour Authorities in Dubrovnik and the representatives of JNA.

Page 2, Art. 7.
JNA guarantees unimpeded work, arrival to location and personal security to the teams to repair water installations in the area of Komolac.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 2, Art. 11.
Both sides agree to discuss the exchange of prisoners at the next meeting.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: The stipulation of this Agreement is attended by the members of E.C.M.M., as confirmed by the signature of Mr. P.B. Hvalkof.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, Art. 2.
For the assurance of the safe and lasting cease of armed clashes in the area of the city of Dubrovnik and for the relief of tensions on both sides it will be the intention to gradually reduce manpower and equipment. In that resolution parties will mutually agree and inform on the ways and directions of the diminnation [sic] of armed forces in the town of Dubrovnik and its surroundings. At the replacement of forces they may require the presence of the E.C.M.M.

Page 2, Art. 9.
The implementation of this Agreement will be monitored by the E.C.M.M. To the E.C.M.M. both sides guarantee insights in all situations, including their personal security and movement in the whole area.

Page 2, Art. 10.
This Agreement will remain in power until other agreements on same issues or arrangements on the implementation of the already achieved agreements are realized, or untl the arrival of UN peaceful units.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, Art.1.
...Joint committees for individual sectors will be appointed immediately, in order to control the implementation of this Agreement and to undertake urgent, effective measures for prevention of any armed clashes or incidents which involve either units or individuals under the control of the sides in conflict. The Committees are also competent for the [incomprehensible] of facts. A permanent communication between the respective commanders of armed forces will be put up, for the sake of mutual information and emergency interventions and the material-[incomprehensible] of this Agreement. Each side will, within its competence, immediately [incomprehensible] investigation against the tresspassers [sic] of this Agreement, for their punishment and will advise the other party [incomprehensible]. In case of disagreements on the implementation of the obligations arising from this article, both sides accept the mediation of the E.C.M.M.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ICTY Court Records, Milosevic trial exhibit P361.38a
http://icr.icty.org/

Government of the Republic of Croatia, represented by Minister Davorin Rudolf, Ivan Cifric and Petar Krste as one party, and the Supreme Command of the armed Forces of SFR Yugoslavia (hereinafter:

JNA) represented by Vice- Admiral Miodrag Jokic as the other party,

According to the Agreement of Geneva of November 23, 1991 signed, among others, by the President of the Republic of Croatia Dr. Franjo Tudjman and Federal Secretary of Defence Veljko Kadijevic,

Agree to sign the following

AGREEMENT

Art. 1.

Both parties agree to strictly and completely observe the cease of armed battles on the whole area of communes of Metkovic and Dubrovnik, that no armed attacks will be undertaken, neither will there be any advancements against the opposite side nor any actions taken on land, sea or from sea and air, either.

For that sake respective commands will immediately issue respective precise orders by 1800 hrs from December 7, 1991, latest.

Joint committees for individual sectors will be appointed immediately, in order to control the implementation of this Agreement and to undertake urgent, effective measures for prevention of any armed clashes or incidents which involve either units or individuals under the control of the sides in conflict.

The Committees are also competent for the [incomprehensible] of facts.

A permanent communication between the respective commanders of armed forces will be put up, for the sake of mutual information and emergency interventions and the material-[incomprehensible] of this Agreement.

Each side will, within its competence, immediately [incomprehensible] investigation against the tresspassers [sic] of this Agreement, for their punishment and will advise the other party [incomprehensible].

In case of disagreements on the implementation of the obligations arising from this article, both sides accept the mediation of the E.C.M.M.

Art. 2.

For the assurance of the safe and lasting cease of armed clashes in the area of the city of Dubrovnik and for the relief of tensions on both sides it will be the intention to gradually reduce manpower and equipment.

In that resolution parties will mutually agree and inform on the ways and directions of the diminnation [sic] of armed forces in the town of Dubrovnik and its surroundings.

At the replacement of forces they may require the presence of the E.C.M.M.

Art. 3.

Starting as of December 7, 1991 at 1800, JNA agrees that ships sail in and out of the Gruz Harbour for traffic of passengers and cargo with previous announcement and control of cargo in Gruz Harbour.

The way and place of cargo control, according to Comma 1 of this Article will be immediately agreed between the representative of Harbour Authorities in Dubrovnik and the representatives of JNA.

Art. 4.

Parties agree that, according to the available shipping capacities, a daily boat shuttle be set up between Dubrovnik and Cavtat and v.v.,

Gruz – mokosica – Zaton and v.v.

At the same time a ship line is set up between Dubrovnik and the islands of Korcula, Lopud, Sipan and Mljet.

Art. 5.

Both sides agree to make efforts in reopening road communications.

For that purpose two members (respectively) of the mixed commission will be appointed, who will discuss and agree upon the ways and time of the implementation of this Article.

Art. 6.

Both sides guarantee unimpeded work, transportation to the location and vouch for personal security to the teams for repair works on the 35KW and 110 KW power line between Ston and Komolac, equally so for the transmission plant in Komolac.

Art. 7.

JNA guarantees unimpeded work, arrival to location and personal security to the teams to repair water installations in the area of Komolac.

Art. 8.

Matters remained unsolved will be discussed in further negotiations.

Art. 9.

The implementation of this Agreement will be monitored by the E.C.M.M. To the E.C.M.M. both sides guarantee insights in all situations, including their personal security and movement in the whole area.

Art. 10.

This Agreement will remain in power until other agreements on same issues or arrangements on the implementation of the already achieved agreements are realized, or untl the arrival of UN peaceful units.

Art. 11.

Both sides agree to discuss the exchange of prisoners at the next meeting.

Art. 12.

This Agreement is made in two identical copies, one for each side.

Cavtat, December 7, 1991 at 15,30 hrs

For the Supreme Command of Armed Forces of SFR of Yugoslavia:

Vice-Admiral Miodrag Jokic

For the Government of Republic of Croatia:

Davorin Rudolf, Minister;

Ivan Cifric, Minister;

Petar Kriste, Minister

The stipulation of this Agreement is attended by the members of E.C.M.M., as confirmed by the signature of Mr. P.B. Hvalkof.