Acuerdo de Los Pozos

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo de Los Pozos
Date: 9 Feb 2001
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia III - Arango
Parties: Signed:
ANDRÉS PASTRANA ARANGO, FARC-EP
MANUEL MARULANDA VÉLEZ, Presidente de la República
Third parties: /
Description: This agreement seeks to advance the discussions between the Government and the FARC. It establishes a schedule and agenda for future negotiations. It addressed the shared will for future negotiations and the conditions for dialogue. The parties agree to reinitiate the works of the Mesa de Dialogo y Negociacion with substantive issues on the agenda and to discuss the cease fire and hostilities as well as a humanitarian agreement on the next release of soldiers, police personnel and ill guerilleros. In order to avoid the interruption of the negotiation a commission is established. The distention zone was created for the evolution of the process and a mechanism will be created to evaluate and inform the public on achievements and proposals for the zone. They also address the importance of the international community and projects for the eradication of illicit agriculture. They invite all political forces to join the national reconciliation.

Agreement document: CO_010209_Acuerdo De Los Pozos - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 2, Article 11,
The national government and FARC–EP invite the political forces signatory to the agreement of Caquetania on 28 February to a meeting in Los Pozos to give renewed energy to the process. We reiterate our invitation to all national figures and organisations who are sceptical of the process to discuss the contributions of all Colombians to the national reconciliation.

Page 2, Article 13,
We invite all Colombians to support this shared effort, which has the potential to overcome the conflict from which we are suffering.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Other
Page 2,

10. FARC–EP does not oppose projects for the manual eradication and substitution of illicit
crops but reiterates that such a process must have the agreement of the communities.
The national government and FARC agree on the strategic importance of working on the
protection and recovery of the environment.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, Article 1,
The national government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) ratify their desire to continue with the peace process in search of a solution to the conflict by means of dialogue and negotiation to build a developing Colombia with full social justice.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: Page 2, Article 10,
FARC–EP does not oppose projects for the manual eradication and substitution of illicit crops but reiterates that such a process must have the agreement of the communities. The national government and FARC agree on the strategic importance of working on the protection and recovery of the environment.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Pages 1-2, Article 8,
The demilitarised zone has been established solely for the development of the process with full guarantees and security for the parties. The National Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will establish an internal mechanism to periodically evaluate the report on the compliance and purpose of the zone by 15 February at the latest.

Page 1, Article 5,
We agree that the Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiations will restart its work on 14 February, returning to the substantial issues of the agenda and beginning discussion of the ceasefire and cessation of hostilities.
Police: Page 1, Article 6,
The humanitarian agreement to allow the release of sick soldiers, police and guerrillas will be expedited.
Armed forces: Page 1, Article 6,
The humanitarian agreement to allow the release of sick soldiers, police and guerrillas will be expedited.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Article 3,
The government and FARC–EP agree on the importance of making progress in the talks on the mechanisms to overcome paramilitarism and reduce the intensity of the conflict. For this purpose, the Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will create a commission of national figures to produce recommendations in these two areas.

Page 1, Article 6,
The humanitarian agreement to allow the release of sick soldiers, police and guerrillas will be expedited.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: Page 2, Article 10,
FARC–EP does not oppose projects for the manual eradication and substitution of illicit crops but reiterates that such a process must have the agreement of the communities. The national government and FARC agree on the strategic importance of working on the protection and recovery of the environment.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, Article 6,
The humanitarian agreement to allow the release of sick soldiers, police and guerrillas will be expedited.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, Article 2,
After a joint evaluation of the process, we identified achievements and weaknesses and reached full agreement that solid foundations have been created to continue the search for national reconciliation.

Page 2, Article 11,
The national government and FARC–EP invite the political forces signatory to the agreement of Caquetania on 28 February to a meeting in Los Pozos to give renewed energy to the process. We reiterate our invitation to all national figures and organisations who are sceptical of the process to discuss the contributions of all Colombians to the national reconciliation.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, Article 9,
Aware of the importance of the international community to the success of the peace process in Colombia, we invite a group of friendly countries and international organisations to an event on 8 March to inform them about the state and development of the process and encourage their involvement. The National Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will determine the frequency of these meetings.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker, https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CO_010209_Acuerdo%20De%20Los%20Pozos.pdf

AGREEMENT OF LOS POZOS

9 February 2001

The national government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) ratify their desire to continue with the peace process in search of a solution to the conflict by means of dialogue and negotiation to build a developing Colombia with full social justice.

After a joint evaluation of the process, we identified achievements and weaknesses and reached full agreement that solid foundations have been created to continue the search for national reconciliation.

The government and FARC–EP agree on the importance of making progress in the talks on the mechanisms to overcome paramilitarism and reduce the intensity of the conflict.

For this purpose, the Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will create a commission of national figures to produce recommendations in these two areas.

FARC–EP will resume the operation of the Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiations.

We agree that the Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiations will restart its work on 14 February, returning to the substantial issues of the agenda and beginning discussion of the ceasefire and cessation of hostilities.

The humanitarian agreement to allow the release of sick soldiers, police and guerrillas will be expedited.

To ensure there are no interruptions to the negotiations, the National Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will create an internal commission to study the events affecting the progress of the process.

The commission will be created by 15 February at the latest.

The demilitarised zone has been established solely for the development of the process with full guarantees and security for the parties.

The National Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will establish an internal mechanism to periodically evaluate the report on the compliance and purpose of the zone by 15 February at the latest.

Aware of the importance of the international community to the success of the peace process in Colombia, we invite a group of friendly countries and international organisations to an event on 8 March to inform them about the state and development of the process and encourage their involvement.

The National Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation will determine the frequency of these meetings.

FARC–EP does not oppose projects for the manual eradication and substitution of illicit crops but reiterates that such a process must have the agreement of the communities.

The national government and FARC agree on the strategic importance of working on the protection and recovery of the environment.

The national government and FARC–EP invite the political forces signatory to the agreement of Caquetania on 28 February to a meeting in Los Pozos to give renewed energy to the process.

We reiterate our invitation to all national figures and organisations who are sceptical of the process to discuss the contributions of all Colombians to the national reconciliation.

It will be possible to expand the National Roundtable for Dialogue and Negotiation, subject to common agreement, and there will be at least three sessions per week.

We invite all Colombians to support this shared effort, which has the potential to overcome the conflict from which we are suffering.

Signed:

ANDRÉS PASTRANA ARANGO, FARC-EP

MANUEL MARULANDA VÉLEZ, Presidente de la República