Joint Communiqué #55, Havana

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Joint Communiqué #55, Havana
Date: 12 Jul 2015
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia V - Santos
Parties: The National Government; the FARC - EP
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement sets out the process of reviewing de-escalation measures and the signing of the Final Agreement in Havana.

Agreement document: CO_150712_Joint Communiqué #55, Havana.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 1,
With the purpose of:
• Strengthening the trust of the Colombian men and women in the peace process, as well as the trust between the delegations;
[...]

Page 1-2,
The delegations of the National Government and the FARC - EP have decided to:
[...]
In the meantime:
The FARC - EP, as a de-escalation measure, will maintain the unilateral suspension of all kinds of offensive actions. In turn, the National Government, as of July 20, will set in motion a de-escalation process of the military actions, consistent with the suspension of offensive actions on the part of the FARC - EP. In any case, the National Government and its institutions, in compliance with their constitutional obligations, will continue ensuring protection for all the Colombian people and the enforcement of the law throughout the National territory. The Government will continue persecuting crime and in no case will it tolerate any illegal organization’s attempts at coercing communities through the use of weapons. In compliance with the foregoing, the National Government will promote respect and will guarantee the free exercise of the fundamental rights of all the Colombian men and women. In four months, starting as of today, each one of the delegations will undertake a ﬁrst evaluation of both the compliance with these de-escalation measures, as well as of the
results of the efforts to expedite progress at the Table, and will make the decisions each of them deems pertinent.
Men and boys: Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
Page 1,
With the purpose of:
• Strengthening the trust of the Colombian men and women in the peace process, as well as the trust between the delegations;
[...]

Page 1-2,
The delegations of the National Government and the FARC - EP have decided to:
[...]
In the meantime:
The FARC - EP, as a de-escalation measure, will maintain the unilateral suspension of all kinds of offensive actions. In turn, the National Government, as of July 20, will set in motion a de-escalation process of the military actions, consistent with the suspension of offensive actions on the part of the FARC - EP. In any case, the National Government and its institutions, in compliance with their constitutional obligations, will continue ensuring protection for all the Colombian people and the enforcement of the law throughout the National territory. The Government will continue persecuting crime and in no case will it tolerate any illegal organization’s attempts at coercing communities through the use of weapons. In compliance with the foregoing, the National Government will promote respect and will guarantee the free exercise of the fundamental rights of all the Colombian men and women. In four months, starting as of today, each one of the delegations will undertake a ﬁrst evaluation of both the compliance with these de-escalation measures, as well as of the
results of the efforts to expedite progress at the Table, and will make the decisions each of them deems pertinent.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 1,

In any case, the National Government and its institutions, in compliance with their
constitutional obligations, will continue ensuring protection for all the Colombian
people and the enforcement of the law throughout the National territory.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1,
With the purpose of:
[...]
• creating the conditions to implement the Final and Bilateral Ceaseﬁre and End to the Hostilities (Sub-item 1, Item 3 “End of the Conﬂict” of the Agenda of the General Agreement).
[...]
The delegations of the National Government and the FARC - EP have decided to:
[...]
• In particular, to agree without delays on the terms of the Final and Bilateral Ceaseﬁre and End to the Hostilities and Laying down of Arms, including the monitoring and veriﬁcation system.
[...]
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1-2,
The delegations of the National Government and the FARC - EP have decided to:
[...]
In the meantime:
The FARC - EP, as a de-escalation measure, will maintain the unilateral suspension of all kinds of offensive actions. In turn, the National Government, as of July 20, will set in motion a de-escalation process of the military actions, consistent with the suspension of offensive actions on the part of the FARC - EP. In any case, the National Government and its institutions, in compliance with their constitutional obligations, will continue ensuring protection for all the Colombian people and the enforcement of the law throughout the National territory. The Government will continue persecuting crime and in no case will it tolerate any illegal organization’s attempts at coercing communities through the use of weapons. In compliance with the foregoing, the National Government will promote respect and will guarantee the free exercise of the fundamental rights of all the Colombian men and women. In four months, starting as of today, each one of the delegations will undertake a ﬁrst evaluation of both the compliance with these de-escalation measures, as well as of the
results of the efforts to expedite progress at the Table, and will make the decisions each of them deems pertinent.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1,
The delegations of the National Government and the FARC - EP have decided to:
[...]
In particular, to agree without delays on the terms of the Final and Bilateral Ceaseﬁre and End to the Hostilities and Laying down of Arms, including the monitoring and veriﬁcation system.
For that purpose, the delegations will ask for the accompaniment to the technical sub-commission of a delegate from the Secretary General of the United Nations and a delegate from the Presidency of UNASUR (currently held by Uruguay), in order to contribute to initiate the discussion on the monitoring and veriﬁcation system and to prepare its implementation as of now, without prejudice to the decision by the delegations regarding the future participation of other organizations or countries in the monitoring and veriﬁcation system.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Mesa de Conversaciones
https://www.mesadeconversaciones.com.co/documentos-y-comunicados
https://www.mesadeconversaciones.com.co/comunicados/comunicado-conjunto-55-la-habana-12-de-julio-de-2015?ver=in

Joint Communiqué #55

Havana, Cuba, July 12, 2015

EXPEDITE IN HAVANA AND DE-ESCALATE IN COLOMBIA

With the purpose of:

• Strengthening the trust of the Colombian men and women in the peace process, as

well as the trust between the delegations;

• expediting the construction of agreements on all remaining aspects of the Agenda of

the General Agreement;

and

• creating the conditions to implement the Final and Bilateral Ceasefire and End to

the Hostilities (Sub-item 1, Item 3 “End of the Conflict” of the Agenda of the

General Agreement).

The delegations of the National Government and the FARC - EP have decided to:

• Make all necessary efforts to reach, without delays, the signature of the Final

Agreement, for which purpose we changed the methodology to a technical, ongoing

and simultaneous work on the core items of the Agenda, while concurrently

building agreements at the Table.

To that end, we defined a plan with preestablished

goals.

• In particular, to agree without delays on the terms of the Final and Bilateral

Ceasefire and End to the Hostilities and Laying down of Arms, including the

monitoring and verification system.

For that purpose, the delegations will ask for the accompaniment to the technical

sub-commission of a delegate from the Secretary General of the United Nations

and a delegate from the Presidency of UNASUR (currently held by Uruguay), in

order to contribute to initiate the discussion on the monitoring and verification

system and to prepare its implementation as of now, without prejudice to the

decision by the delegations regarding the future participation of other

organizations or countries in the monitoring and verification system.

• In the meantime:

The FARC - EP, as a de-escalation measure, will maintain the unilateral suspension of

all kinds of offensive actions.

In turn, the National Government, as of July 20, will set in motion a de-escalation

process of the military actions, consistent with the suspension of offensive actions on

the part of the FARC - EP.

In any case, the National Government and its institutions, in compliance with their

constitutional obligations, will continue ensuring protection for all the Colombian

people and the enforcement of the law throughout the National territory.

The

Government will continue persecuting crime and in no case will it tolerate any illegal

organization’s attempts at coercing communities through the use of weapons.

compliance with the foregoing, the National Government will promote respect and will

guarantee the free exercise of the fundamental rights of all the Colombian men and

women.

In four months, starting as of today, each one of the delegations will undertake a first

evaluation of both the compliance with these de-escalation measures, as well as of the

results of the efforts to expedite progress at the Table, and will make the decisions each

of them deems pertinent.

The foregoing, without prejudice to the possibility of initiating the Final and Bilateral

Ceasefire and End to the Hostilities, if an agreement is reached.

• The National Government and the FARC - EP will intensify the implementation of

trust-building measures, based on a timeline.