Arrangement sécuritaire pour une cessation des hostilités

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Country/entity: Mali
Azawad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Arrangement sécuritaire pour une cessation des hostilités
Date: 5 Jun 2015
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Tuareg Wars (1962 - )
Mali-Azawad
The nomadic Tuareg in the north of Mali maintained a long-standing revolt against a government traditionally dominated by southern politicians shortly after Mali became independent from France in 1960. The uprisings focused in and around the Azawad region, north of Timbuktu. After several outbreaks of violence during the 1980s, violence peaked with the 1990 outbreak of the Tuareg Rebellion. Following an initial defeat by the Malian Armed Forces, reparations by the government of Alpha Konare included the creation of the self-governing Kidal region. Violence in 1994 died down following peace between moderates on both sides in 1995 and a negotiated peace agreement. Violence continued due to a lack of integration by combatants, but it was not until 2011 that the situation again escalated in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and the disintegration of Libya, which resulted in a heavy inflow of small arms, and the increased involvement by Algeria. In January 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) together with several other groups took full control of the region. Disputes on how to handle the situation led to a military coup against President Touré in March 2012 that, in turn, resulted in further turmoil. The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, but soon lost control of most of the territory to radical Islamist militias including Ansar Dine. A French intervention in January 2013 paved the way for a UN mission, which was established in April of that year. In June 2015 multiple declarations culminated in a final agreement between several Azawad-affiliated groups, including MNLA, and the government of Mali to end hostilities. However, inadequate implementation of the agreement results in continual armed confrontations between pro-government militias, Azawad-affiliated groups, dissidents of Azawad-affiliated groups, ethnically oriented groups, and increasingly since 2017, radical Islamist militias.

Niger-Aïr-Azawad
In 1990 the nomadic Tuareg in northern Niger explicitly sought greater political autonomy following decades of grievances on local political exclusion. With the first armed group Aïr and Azawad Liberation Front (FLAA) to be established in 1991, fighting between 1990 to 1995 took place largely in the Air Mountains. A short-lived truce was agreed in 1994 between the Niger Government and the Tuareg umbrella organisation Coordination of Armed Resistance (CRA), later called Organisation of Armed Resistance (ORA). Another accord was signed in April 1995 in Ouagadougou with various other Tuareg groups and some Toubou, the last signing in 1998. After ten years of relative peace, Movement of Nigeriens for Justice (MNJ) reinvigorated conflicts in 2007 following little follow up by the Nigeriene government on the signed peace agreements.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties: (Signed)
Pour le Gouvernement de la République du Mali
S.E.M. Abdoulaye DIOP
Ministre des Affaires Etrangères,
de l'intégration Africaine et de la Coopération Internationale

(Signed)
Pour la Coordination des Mouvement de l'Azawad (CMA)
M. Sidi Brahim Ould Sidatt
Third parties: Pour la Médiation

(Signed)
Pour la République Algérienne Démocratique, Chef de la Médiation
S.E.M. Ramtane LAMAMRA,
Ministre d'Etat, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères et de la Coopération Internationale

(Signed)
Pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies/Mission Multidimensionnelle Intégrée des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation du Mali
S.E.M. Mongi HAMDI,
Représentant spécial du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies
Chef de la MINUSMA

(Signed)
Pour l'Union Africaine
Dr Issaka Souaré

(Signed)
Pour l'Organisation de la Coopération Islamique
M. Djibril Bassolé,
Envoyé spécial de l'OCI pour le Mali et la Sahel

(Signed)
Pour l'Union Européenne
M. Frédéric MATHIEU

(Signed)
Pour le Burkina Faso
M. Dominique DJINDJERE,
Ambassadeur du Burkina Faso en Algérie

(Signed)
Pour la République Islamique de Mauritanie
M. Ould Mogueya BOULLAH
Ambassadeur de la République Islamique de Mauritanie en Algérie

(Signed)
Pour la République du Niger
M. El Hadj Mahamidou Yahaya
Ambassadeur de la République du Niger en Algérie

(Signed)
Pour la République Fédérale de Nigeria
M. Iliya Ali Duniya Nuhu
Ambassadeur de la République Fédérale de Nigeria au Mali

(Signed)
Pour la République du Tchad
S.E.M. Saleh Hamid HEGUERA
Ambassadeur de la République du Tchad en Algérie

Etaient présents

(Signed)
La République Francaise
M. Jean Christophe BELLIARD
Directeur d'Afrique et de l'Océan Indien

(Signed)
Les Etats-Unis d'Amérique
Mme. Joan A. Polaschik
Ambassadeur des Etats-Unis en Algérie
Description: This is a ceasefire agreement.

Agreement document: ML_150605_Arrangement securitaire pour une cessation des hostilities_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_150605_Arrangement sécuritaire pour une cessation des hostilités_FR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 1, The parties undertake to observe and implement the following measures:
[...]
- In collaboration with the competent authorities, the protection of the civilian population at Menaka and throughout Malian territory by MINUSMA, in accordance with the provisions of resolution 2164 and its rules of engagement, by deploying military, police and civilian resources;
[...]
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, Noting:
[...]
- The imperative need to protect the civilian population.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
[Summary: the whole agreement provides for a ceasefire and its modalities. It states that it commences upon signature until mechanisms foreseen in the Agreement are implemented.]
Police: Page 1, The parties undertake to observe and implement the following measures:
[...]
- In collaboration with the competent authorities, the protection of the civilian population at Menaka and throughout Malian territory by MINUSMA, in accordance with the provisions of resolution 2164 and its rules of engagement, by deploying military, police and civilian resources;
[...]
Armed forces: Page 1, The parties undertake to observe and implement the following measures:
[...]
- The stationing of Malian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Maliennes, FAMA), in accordance with the previous commitments referred to above;
- In collaboration with the competent authorities, the protection of the civilian population at Menaka and throughout Malian territory by MINUSMA, in accordance with the provisions of resolution 2164 and its rules of engagement, by deploying military, police and civilian resources;
[...]
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, The parties undertake to observe and implement the following measures:
[...]
- The withdrawal, from the locality of Menaka, of the armed elements of the Platform and their return to their initial positions;
- The withdrawal of armed elements of the Coordination of Azawad Movements (la Coordination des Mouvements de l’Azawad, CMA), within a 20-km radius around the locality of Menaka;
[...]
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Page 4 in original document:
Pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies/Mission Multidimensionnelle Intégrée des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation du Mali
S.E.M. Mongi HAMDI,
Représentant spécial du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies
Chef de la MINUSMA
Other international signatory: Page 4-6 in original document:
Pour la Médiation

Pour la République Algérienne Démocratique, Chef de la Médiation
S.E.M. Ramtane LAMAMRA,
Ministre d'Etat, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères et de la Coopération Internationale

Pour l'Union Africaine
Dr Issaka Souaré

Pour l'Organisation de la Coopération Islamique
M. Djibril Bassolé,
Envoyé spécial de l'OCI pour le Mali et la Sahel

Pour l'Union Européenne
M. Frédéric MATHIEU

Pour le Burkina Faso
M. Dominique DJINDJERE,
Ambassadeur du Burkina Faso en Algérie

Pour la République Islamique de Mauritanie
M. Ould Mogueya BOULLAH
Ambassadeur de la République Islamique de Mauritanie en Algérie

Pour la République du Niger
M. El Hadj Mahamidou Yahaya
Ambassadeur de la République du Niger en Algérie

Pour la République Fédérale de Nigeria
M. Iliya Ali Duniya Nuhu
Ambassadeur de la République Fédérale de Nigeria au Mali

Pour la République du Tchad
S.E.M. Saleh Hamid HEGUERA
Ambassadeur de la République du Tchad en Algérie

Etaient présents

La République Francaise
M. Jean Christophe BELLIARD
Directeur d'Afrique et de l'Océan Indien

Les Etats-Unis d'Amérique
Mme. Joan A. Polaschik
Ambassadeur des Etats-Unis en Algérie
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, Noting:
[...]
- The obligation to strictly respect the provisions of resolution 2164 concerning the MINUSMA mandate and its rules of engagement;
[...]
The parties undertake to observe and implement the following measures:
[...]
- In collaboration with the competent authorities, the protection of the civilian population at Menaka and throughout Malian territory by MINUSMA, in accordance with the provisions of resolution 2164 and its rules of engagement, by deploying military, police and civilian resources;
[...]

This arrangement shall be implemented under the supervision of MINUSMA in collaboration with the local authorities, upon its signature, and shall remain in force until the relevant mechanisms foreseen in the Agreement are implemented according to the implementation timetable.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker, https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/Arrangement%20sécuritaire%20pour%20une%20cessation%20des%20hostilités.pdf

SECURITY ARRANGEMENT FOR A CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES

ALGIERS, JUNE 5, 2015

Noting:

The precariousness of the current situation in Menaka and in other localities and the risk of further violent clashes;

The obligation to respect previous commitments to cease hostilities in order to complete the peace and reconciliation process in Mali, under the Ceasefire Agreement of May 23, 2014, and its implementation measures , the Declaration of Cessation of Hostilities of July 24, 2014, and the Declaration of the Parties to the Algiers Process of February 19, 2015;

The obligation to strictly respect the provisions of resolution 2164 concerning the MINUSMA mandate and its rules of engagement;

The imperative need to protect the civilian population.

The parties undertake to observe and implement the following measures:

All parties shall respect their previous commitments to cease all hostilities, made under the Ceasefire Agreement of May 23, 2014, and its implementation measures, the Declaration of Cessation of Hostilities of July 24, 2014, and the Declaration of the Parties to the Algiers Process of February 19, 2015;

The withdrawal, from the locality of Menaka, of the armed elements of the Platform and their return to their initial positions;

The withdrawal of armed elements of the Coordination of Azawad Movements (la Coordination des Mouvements de l’Azawad, CMA), within a 20-km radius around the locality of Menaka;

The stationing of Malian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Maliennes, FAMA), in accordance with the previous commitments referred to above;

In collaboration with the competent authorities, the protection of the civilian population at Menaka and throughout Malian territory by MINUSMA, in accordance with the provisions of resolution 2164 and its rules of engagement, by deploying military, police and civilian resources;

The deployment of mixed observation and verification teams (équipes mixtes d’observation et vérification, EMOV) in order to monitor the effectiveness of the ceasefire and any violations in all the localities involved, including Menaka.

This arrangement shall be implemented under the supervision of MINUSMA in collaboration with the local authorities, upon its signature, and shall remain in force until the relevant mechanisms foreseen in the Agreement are implemented according to the implementation timetable.

The implementation of technical and operational measures concerning the situation in Menaka should take place no later than 72 hours after signature of the present arrangement.

Signatures