Acuerdo Gobierno nacional-CRS, Flor del Monte

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo Gobierno nacional-CRS, Flor del Monte
Date: 18 Dec 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia I - Gaviria
Parties: Por el Gobierno nacional FABI0 VILLEGAS RAMIREZ Ministro de Gobierno CARLOS EDUARDO JARAMILLO

Por la Corriente de Renovacion Socialista GABRIEL BORIA JACINTO RUJZ
Third parties: Consejero para la Paz Testigo Tutor MONSEÑOR NEL BELTRAN Obispo de Sincelejo

OBSERVADOR INTERNACIONAL JEAN DROSS Embajador Países Bajos ante el Gobierno de Colombia
Description: The agreement deals with various issues relating to the process between the Corrient de Renovacion Socalista (CRS) and the government, setting out also principles. It touches upon the disarmament of the CRS forces, their relocation and the establishment of a demilitarized zone, the appointment of spokespeople and a comprehensive agenda for further talks.

Agreement document: CO_931218_ACUERDO GOBIERNO NACIONAL-CRS, FLOR DEL MONTE - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_931218_ACUERDO GOBIERNO NACIONAL-CRS, FLOR DEL MONTE.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Article 2,
The national leadership of CRS communicates its decision to maintain its unilateral ceasefire and suspend all offensive activities and those that may affect the civil population. Similarly, the national government reaffirms its decision to continue implementing programmes to combat all factors of violence affecting Colombian society.

Page 2, Article 6,
The following agenda is established to reach final agreements, for which relevant organisations and figures will be invited to make contributions prior to discussion of the items:
1. human rights;
2. public participation;
3. economic consensus;
4. regional development;
5. economic and social reinsertion;
6. political favourability;
7. legal benefits;
8. the surrender of arms.

Page 2, Article 7,
The agenda item for regional development includes the implementation of special social investment programmes for zones affected by the conflict between the state and CRS. The design of these programmes will be discussed as part of the agenda and their implementation will consider the use of community participation and governmental investment mechanisms established for this purpose.

Page 2, Article 8,
The national government and CRS invite the church to act as moral tutor of the process and witness to the negotiations and the agreements reached. To verify compliance with the final agreements, the national government and CRS will establish a monitoring commission, which will include international organisations, in addition to the government and CRS. One of these organisations is invited as observer for the signing of the initial political agreement and the discussion of the verification mechanisms for the final agreements.

Page 3, Article 9,
The government and CRS invite the media and the community in general to follow and support this negotiation to ensure it contributes to the peace and development of the country.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 2, Article 8,
The national government and CRS invite the church to act as moral tutor of the process and witness to the negotiations and the agreements reached. To verify compliance with the final agreements, the national government and CRS will establish a monitoring commission, which will include international organisations, in addition to the government and CRS. One of these organisations is invited as observer for the signing of the initial political agreement and the discussion of the verification mechanisms for the final agreements.

Page 3, [the following sign the agreement]

Consejero para la Paz Testigo Tutor MONSEÑOR NEL BELTRAN Obispo de Sincelejo

OBSERVADOR INTERNACIONAL JEAN DROSS Embajador Países Bajos ante el Gobierno de Colombia
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 2, Article 6,
The following agenda is established to reach final agreements, for which relevant organisations and figures will be invited to make contributions prior to discussion of the items:
1. human rights;
2. public participation;
3. economic consensus;
4. regional development;
5. economic and social reinsertion;
6. political favourability;
7. legal benefits;
8. the surrender of arms.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 3, Article 9,
The government and CRS invite the media and the community in general to follow and support this negotiation to ensure it contributes to the peace and development of the country.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 2, Article 6,
The following agenda is established to reach final agreements, for which relevant organisations and figures will be invited to make contributions prior to discussion of the items:
..
3. economic consensus;
4. regional development;
5. economic and social reinsertion;
...

Page 2, Article 7,
The agenda item for regional development includes the implementation of special social investment programmes for zones affected by the conflict between the state and CRS. The design of these programmes will be discussed as part of the agenda and their implementation will consider the use of community participation and governmental investment mechanisms established for this purpose.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Article 2,
The national leadership of CRS communicates its decision to maintain its unilateral ceasefire and suspend all offensive activities and those that may affect the civil population. Similarly, the national government reaffirms its decision to continue implementing programmes to combat all factors of violence affecting Colombian society.

Page 1, Article 3,
To ensure an effective negotiation process that allows full verification of the ceasefire, CRS members will relocate to Flor del Monte, in the municipality of Ovejas, in the department of Sucre, where Decree 2198, 1993, will apply for the duration of negotiations.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 1, Article 1,
The national government and the Current of Socialist Renewal (Corriente de Renovación Socialista, CRS), in the belief that the negotiation process contributes to the political solution to the armed conflict, reaffirm their desire to pursue the process to reach agreements that allow peaceful coexistence, the reincorporation of members of the guerrilla group into civil life and its transformation into a legal political movement.

Page 1, Article 4,
Upon the relocation of CRS members to Flor del Monte, a demilitarised zone will be defined free from the presence of state security bodies and CRS members. The national government will establish control mechanisms to facilitate the normal development of negotiations.

Page 2, Article 6,
The following agenda is established to reach final agreements, for which relevant organisations and figures will be invited to make contributions prior to discussion of the items:
1. human rights;
2. public participation;
3. economic consensus;
4. regional development;
5. economic and social reinsertion;
6. political favourability;
7. legal benefits;
8. the surrender of arms.

Page 2, Article 7,
The agenda item for regional development includes the implementation of special social investment programmes for zones affected by the conflict between the state and CRS. The design of these programmes will be discussed as part of the agenda and their implementation will consider the use of community participation and governmental investment mechanisms established for this purpose.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Article 1,
The national government and the Current of Socialist Renewal (Corriente de Renovación Socialista, CRS), in the belief that the negotiation process contributes to the political solution to the armed conflict, reaffirm their desire to pursue the process to reach agreements that allow peaceful coexistence, the reincorporation of members of the guerrilla group into civil life and its transformation into a legal political movement.

Page 1, Article 4,
Upon the relocation of CRS members to Flor del Monte, a demilitarised zone will be defined free from the presence of state security bodies and CRS members. The national government will establish control mechanisms to facilitate the normal development of negotiations.

Pages 1-2, Article 5,
To promote the negotiating process, CRS will appoint five national and two regional spokespeople, chosen from candidates who have no legal impediments or judicial requirements. The spokespeople will have three premises located in the cities of Bogotá, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga to facilitate their activities, in addition to security and transport services provided by the state for exercising their functions.
CRS appoints the following national spokespeople:
1. Franklin Alberto Donado Huertas (San Juan Nepomuceno)
2. Carlos Eduardo Caycedo Quar (Santa Marta)
3. Norma Lucía Bermúdez (Pereira)
CRS appoints the following regional spokespeople:
1. Luis Alberto Cabeza Espinel (Bucaramanga)
2. Spokesperson for Barranquilla to be defined.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: OBSERVADOR INTERNACIONAL JEAN DROSS Embajador Países Bajos ante el Gobierno de Colombia
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, Article 8,
The national government and CRS invite the church to act as moral guarantor of the process and witness to the negotiations and the agreements reached. To verify compliance with the final agreements, the national government and CRS will establish a monitoring commission, which will include international organisations, in addition to the government and CRS. One of these organisations is invited as observer for the signing of the initial political agreement and the discussion of the verification mechanisms for the final agreements.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Acuerdos con el EPL, MAQL y CRS, Diálogos con la CGSB, Biblioteca de la Paz – 1990-1994, Fundación Cultura Democrática, Ed. Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento, Bogotá D.C., 2009 (book III) p. 376

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND THE CURRENT OF SOCIALIST RENEWAL IN FLOR DEL MONTE

18 December 1993

The national government and the Current of Socialist Renewal (Corriente de Renovación Socialista, CRS), in the belief that the negotiation process contributes to the political solution to the armed conflict, reaffirm their desire to pursue the process to reach agreements that allow peaceful coexistence, the reincorporation of members of the guerrilla group into civil life and its transformation into a legal political movement.

The national leadership of CRS communicates its decision to maintain its unilateral ceasefire and suspend all offensive activities and those that may affect the civil population.

Similarly, the national government reaffirms its decision to continue implementing programmes to combat all factors of violence affecting Colombian society.

To ensure an effective negotiation process that allows full verification of the ceasefire, CRS members will relocate to Flor del Monte, in the municipality of Ovejas, in the department of Sucre, where Decree 2198, 1993, will apply for the duration of negotiations.

Upon the relocation of CRS members to Flor del Monte, a demilitarised zone will be defined free from the presence of state security bodies and CRS members.

The national government will establish control mechanisms to facilitate the normal development of negotiations.

To promote the negotiating process, CRS will appoint five national and two regional spokespeople, chosen from candidates who have no legal impediments or judicial requirements.

The spokespeople will have three premises located in the cities of Bogotá, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga to facilitate their activities, in addition to security and transport services provided by the state for exercising their functions.

CRS appoints the following national spokespeople:

Franklin Alberto Donado Huertas (San Juan Nepomuceno)

Carlos Eduardo Caycedo Quar (Santa Marta)

Norma Lucía Bermúdez (Pereira)

CRS appoints the following regional spokespeople:

Luis Alberto Cabeza Espinel (Bucaramanga)

Spokesperson for Barranquilla to be defined.

The following agenda is established to reach final agreements, for which relevant organisations and figures will be invited to make contributions prior to discussion of the items:

human rights;

public participation;

economic consensus;

regional development;

economic and social reinsertion;

political favourability;

legal benefits;

the surrender of arms.

The agenda item for regional development includes the implementation of special social investment programmes for zones affected by the conflict between the state and CRS.

The design of these programmes will be discussed as part of the agenda and their implementation will consider the use of community participation and governmental investment mechanisms established for this purpose.

The national government and CRS invite the church to act as moral tutor of the process and witness to the negotiations and the agreements reached.

To verify compliance with the final agreements, the national government and CRS will establish a monitoring commission, which will include international organisations, in addition to the government and CRS.

One of these organisations is invited as observer for the signing of the initial political agreement and the discussion of the verification mechanisms for the final agreements.

The government and CRS invite the media and the community in general to follow and support this negotiation to ensure it contributes to the peace and development of the country.

Por el Gobierno nacional

FABI0 VILLEGAS RAMIREZ

Ministro de Gobierno

CARLOS EDUARDO JARAMILLO

Consejero para la Paz Testigo Tutor

MONSEÑOR NEL BELTRAN

Obispo de Sincelejo

OBSERVADOR INTERNACIONAL

JEAN DROSS

Embajador Países Bajos ante el Gobierno de Colombia

Por la Corriente de Renovacion Socialista

GABRIEL BORIA

JACINTO RUJZ