Decision A/DEC.3/11/90 relating to the Conclusion of an Agreement on the Status of the ECOWAS Cesaefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) between the Community and the Interim Government of the Republic of Liberia (Ecowas Peace Plan)

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Country/entity: Liberia
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Decision A/DEC.3/11/90 relating to the Conclusion of an Agreement on the Status of the ECOWAS Cesaefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) between the Community and the Interim Government of the Republic of Liberia (Ecowas Peace Plan)
Date: 28 Nov 1990
Agreement status: Unilateral document
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Liberian Civil Wars (1989 - 1997) (1999 - 2005)
In 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) attacked border posts as part of a campaign to oust the dictatorship of Samuel Doe. This triggered a violent civil war that by 1995 had killed around 150,000 and displaced an estimated 850,000 people. The outbreak of war is attributed to the domestic socio-economic and political environment in the country of the 1980s, such as poverty, discrimination and repression. However, its sustenance is also related to past discrimination against indigenous Liberians by ‘Americo-Liberians’, and deep ethnic divisions that resulted.

Peace negotiations began in 1992 and completed by 1997. However, the peace lasted only a short period and in 1999 there was renewed fighting against the elected president, Charles Taylor. The Guinea-backed organisation, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), together with the armed Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) controlled two thirds of the country by 2003 and besieged the capital Monrovia, forcing Charles Taylor into exile in Nigeria. In August that same year, the conflict parties signed the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement and in 2005 new general elections were held.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Liberia peace process
Parties: DONE AT BAMAKO THIS 28TH DAY OF NOVEMBER 1990
H. E. ALHAJI SIR DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA
CHAIRMAN
FOR THE AUTHORITY
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement authorises and orders the ECOWAS Executive secretary to conclude an agreement on the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) between ECOWAS and the Liberian Interim Government.

Agreement document: LR_901128_ECOWAS Decision 3-11-90.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 1: MINDFUL of Article 5 of the ECOWAS Treaty establishing the Authority of Heads of State and Government and defining its composition and functions;
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 3: AWARE of Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee on the ceasefire and the institution of an ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia;

Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 5: CONSIDERING the need for ECOWAS to define, in agreement with the Interim Government set up in Liberia, the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in order to allow ECOMOG to carry out Its operations throughout Liberian territory under the conditions stipulated in Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August 1990 quoted above;

Page 1, ARTICLE 1: The ECOWAS Executive Secretary shall take all necessary steps to conclude an Agreement on the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) between the Community and the Interim Government of Republic of Liberia.

Page 1, ARTICLE 2: The status of ECOMOG in Liberia shall be defined in accordance with the provisions of Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee dated 7 August 1990.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: DONE AT BAMAKO THIS 28TH DAY OF NOVEMBER 1990
H. E. ALHAJI SIR DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA
CHAIRMAN
FOR THE AUTHORITY
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 3: AWARE of Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee on the ceasefire and the institution of an ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia;

Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 5: CONSIDERING the need for ECOWAS to define, in agreement with the Interim Government set up in Liberia, the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in order to allow ECOMOG to carry out Its operations throughout Liberian territory under the conditions stipulated in Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August 1990 quoted above;

Page 1, ARTICLE 1: The ECOWAS Executive Secretary shall take all necessary steps to conclude an Agreement on the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) between the Community and the Interim Government of Republic of Liberia.

Page 1, ARTICLE 2: The status of ECOMOG in Liberia shall be defined in accordance with the provisions of Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee dated 7 August 1990.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, ARTICLE 3: The ECOWAS Executive Secretary shall be responsible for the implementation of this decision which shall enter into force upon signature and shall be published In the Official Journal of the Community and in the National Gazette of each Member State.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: The Official Journal of the ECOWAS, Vol. 21, Nov. 1991.

DECISION A/DEC.3/11/90 RELATING TO THE CONCLUSION OF AN AGREEMENT ON THE STATUS OF THE ECOWAS CEASEFIRE MONITORING GROUP (ECOMOG) BETWEEN THE COMMUNITY AND THE INTERIM GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA

THE AUTHORITY OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT

MINDFUL of Article 5 of the ECOWAS Treaty establishing the Authority of Heads of State and Government and defining its composition and functions;

RECALLING Decision A/DEC 9/5/90 of 30 May, 1990 of the Authority of Heads of State and Government on the establishment of the Community Standing Mediation Committee;

AWARE of Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee on the ceasefire and the institution of an ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia;

AWARE also of Decision A/DEC.2/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee relating to the formation of an Interim Government in the Republic of Liberia;

CONSIDERING the need for ECOWAS to define, in agreement with the Interim Government set up in Liberia, the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in order to allow ECOMOG to carry out Its operations throughout Liberian territory under the conditions stipulated in Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August 1990 quoted above;

DECIDES

ARTICLE 1

The ECOWAS Executive Secretary shall take all necessary steps to conclude an Agreement on the status of the ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) between the Community and the Interim Government of Republic of Liberia.

ARTICLE 2

The status of ECOMOG in Liberia shall be defined in accordance with the provisions of Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of the Community Standing Mediation Committee dated 7 August 1990.

ARTICLE 3

The ECOWAS Executive Secretary shall be responsible for the implementation of this decision which shall enter into force upon signature and shall be published In the Official Journal of the Community and in the National Gazette of each Member State.

DONE AT BAMAKO THIS 28TH DAY OF NOVEMBER 1990

H. E. ALHAJI SIR DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA

CHAIRMAN

FOR THE AUTHORITY