Decision A/DEC.1/11/90 relating to the Approval of the Decisions of the Community Standing Mediation Committeee Taken During its First Session from 6 to 7 August, 1990, Banjul (Ecowas Peace Plan)

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Country/entity: Liberia
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Decision A/DEC.1/11/90 relating to the Approval of the Decisions of the Community Standing Mediation Committeee Taken During its First Session from 6 to 7 August, 1990, Banjul (Ecowas Peace Plan)
Date: 28 Nov 1990
Agreement status: Unilateral document
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Liberian Civil Wars (1989 - 1997) (1999 - 2005)
In 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) attacked border posts as part of a campaign to oust the dictatorship of Samuel Doe. This triggered a violent civil war that by 1995 had killed around 150,000 and displaced an estimated 850,000 people. The outbreak of war is attributed to the domestic socio-economic and political environment in the country of the 1980s, such as poverty, discrimination and repression. However, its sustenance is also related to past discrimination against indigenous Liberians by ‘Americo-Liberians’, and deep ethnic divisions that resulted.

Peace negotiations began in 1992 and completed by 1997. However, the peace lasted only a short period and in 1999 there was renewed fighting against the elected president, Charles Taylor. The Guinea-backed organisation, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), together with the armed Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) controlled two thirds of the country by 2003 and besieged the capital Monrovia, forcing Charles Taylor into exile in Nigeria. In August that same year, the conflict parties signed the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement and in 2005 new general elections were held.
Stage: Renewal
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Liberia peace process
Parties: DONE AT BAMAKO HIS 28TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1990.
H. E. ALHAJI SIR DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA
CHAIRMAN
FOR THE AUTHORITY
Third parties: -
Description: This is a short agreement where the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government approve the decisions taken by the ECOWAS Standing Mediation Committee. Note: The Agreement Date is printed as 'Done at Bamako this 28th Day of August 1990'. We believe this to be a misprint in the agreement as ECOWAS sat in Bamako in November 1990 and not in August (further demonstrated by the registration of this decision as A/DEC.1/11/90). We have therefore dated the signature of this agreement as 28/11/90.

Agreement document: LR_901128_ECOWAS Decision 1-11-90.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Page 1, ARTICLE I: The following decisions made by the Community Standing Mediation Committee during its first session held at Banjul from 6 to 7 August, 1990 are hereby approved:
...- Decision A/DEC.2/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Constitution of an Interim Government in the Republic of Liberia;
Elections: Page 1, ARTICLE I: The following decisions made by the Community Standing Mediation Committee during its first session held at Banjul from 6 to 7 August, 1990 are hereby approved:
...- Decision A/DEC.4/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Establishment of an ECOWAS Observer Group for Presidential and General Elections in the Republic of Liberia
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 1: MINDFUL of Article 5 of the ECOWAS Treaty establishing the Authority of Heads at State and Government and defining its composition and functions;
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 1, ARTICLE I: The following decisions made by the Community Standing Mediation Committee during its first session held at Banjul from 6 to 7 August, 1990 are hereby approved:
... - Decision A/DEC.3/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Establishment of a Special Emergency Fund for ECOWAS Operations in the Republic of Liberia;
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, ARTICLE I: The following decisions made by the Community Standing Mediation Committee during its first session held at Banjul from 6 to 7 August, 1990 are hereby approved:
- Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August 1990 on the Ceasefire and Establishment of an ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group in Liberia;
... - Decision A/DEC.3/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Establishment of a Special Emergency Fund for ECOWAS Operations in the Republic of Liberia;
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: Page 1: DONE AT BAMAKO HIS 28TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1990.
H. E. ALHAJI SIR DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA
CHAIRMAN
FOR THE AUTHORITY
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, ARTICLE I: The following decisions made by the Community Standing Mediation Committee during its first session held at Banjul from 6 to 7 August, 1990 are hereby approved:
- Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August 1990 on the Ceasefire and Establishment of an ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group in Liberia;
...- Decision A/DEC.4/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Establishment of an ECOWAS Observer Group for Presidential and General Elections in the Republic of Liberia
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Official Journal of the ECOWAS, Vol 21., Nov. 1991.

DECISION A/DEC.1/11/90 RELATING TO THE APPROVAL OF THE DECISIONS OF THE COMMUNITY STANDING MEDIATION COMMITTEE TAKEN DURING ITS FIRST SESSION FROM 6 TO 7 AUGUST 1990 HELD AT BANJUL (REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA)

THE AUTHORITY OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT:

MINDFUL of Article 5 of the ECOWAS Treaty establishing the Authority of Heads at State and Government and defining its composition and functions;

RECALLING Decision A/DEC.9/5/90 of 30 May 1990 of the Authority of Heads of State and Government relating to the creation of the Community Standing Mediation Committee;

CONSIDERING the recommendation of the Community Standing Mediation Committee made at its second session held at Bamako on 26 and 27 November, 1990 relating to the adoption of its decisions taken during its first session held at Banjul on 6 and 7 August.

1990.

DECIDES

ARTICLE I

The following decisions made by the Community Standing Mediation Committee during its first session held at Banjul from 6 to 7 August, 1990 are hereby approved:

Decision A/DEC.1/8/90 of 7 August 1990 on the Ceasefire and Establishment of an ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group in Liberia;

Decision A/DEC.2/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Constitution of an Interim Government in the Republic of Liberia;

Decision A/DEC.3/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Establishment of a Special Emergency Fund for ECOWAS Operations in the Republic of Liberia;

Decision A/DEC.4/8/90 of 7 August, 1990 on the Establishment of an ECOWAS Observer Group for Presidential and General Elections in the Republic of Liberia

ARTICLE 2

This decision shall enter into force upon signature and shall be published in the Official Journal of the Community and in the National Gazette of each Member State.

DONE AT BAMAKO HIS 28TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1990.

H. E. ALHAJI SIR DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA

CHAIRMAN

FOR THE AUTHORITY