Decision A/DEC.3/8/90 on the Establishment of a Special Emergency Fund for ECOWAS Operations in the Republic of Liberia (Ecowas Peace Plan)

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Country/entity: Liberia
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Decision A/DEC.3/8/90 on the Establishment of a Special Emergency Fund for ECOWAS Operations in the Republic of Liberia (Ecowas Peace Plan)
Date: 7 Aug 1990
Agreement status: Unilateral document
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Liberian Civil Wars (1989 - 1997) (1999 - 2005)
In 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) attacked border posts as part of a campaign to oust the dictatorship of Samuel Doe. This triggered a violent civil war that by 1995 had killed around 150,000 and displaced an estimated 850,000 people. The outbreak of war is attributed to the domestic socio-economic and political environment in the country of the 1980s, such as poverty, discrimination and repression. However, its sustenance is also related to past discrimination against indigenous Liberians by ‘Americo-Liberians’, and deep ethnic divisions that resulted.

Peace negotiations began in 1992 and completed by 1997. However, the peace lasted only a short period and in 1999 there was renewed fighting against the elected president, Charles Taylor. The Guinea-backed organisation, Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), together with the armed Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) controlled two thirds of the country by 2003 and besieged the capital Monrovia, forcing Charles Taylor into exile in Nigeria. In August that same year, the conflict parties signed the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement and in 2005 new general elections were held.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Liberia peace process
Parties: DONE AT BANJUL THIS 7TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1990
H. E. DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA
CHAIRMAN
ECOWAS STANDING MEDIATION COMMITTEE
FOR THE AUTHORITY
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement from the ECOWAS Standing Mediation Committee establishes a special emergency fund to fund ECOWAS's ceasefire monitoring group's operations in Liberia.

Agreement document: LR_900807_ECOWAS Decision 3-8-90.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): Governance→Political institutions (new or reformed)→General references
Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 4: CONVINCED that by establishing and ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia the Community will be able to play an active and positive role in the process of achieving a cessation of hostilities and the re-establishment of law and order through the formation of a democratically elected government;
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 1: MINDFUL of Article 5 of the ECOWAS Treaty establishing the Authority of Heads of State and Government, and defining its composition and functions;
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 4: CONVINCED that by establishing and ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia the Community will be able to play an active and positive role in the process of achieving a cessation of hostilities and the re-establishment of law and order through the formation of a democratically elected government;
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 1, ARTICLE 1: a. There is hereby established a Special Emergency Fund for the ECOWAS operations in Liberia.
b. The Special Emergency Fund shall be endowed with an initial amount of fifty million United States dollars (US $50 million).

Page 1, ARTICLE 2: The resources of the Special Emergency Fund shall be derived from contributions of Member States of the Community and donor governments and institutions outside the subregion.

Page 1, ARTICLE 3: Contributions from Member States shall be on a voluntary basis. Each Member State is urged to make a special effort to contribute to the resources of the Special Emergency Fund.

Page 1, ARTICLE 4: The Special Emergency Fund shall be managed in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Manual of Accounting Procedures of the Community.

Page 1, ARTICLE 5: An urgent appeal is made to other African Governments and to donor governments and institutions outside Africa to assist the ECOWAS effort at restoring peace and security in Liberia by making generous contributions to the Special Emergency Fund specifically established for that purpose.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 3: GRAVELY CONCERNED about the destructive armed conflict going on in Liberia and the profound disruptive effect that civil war is having on normal life in Liberia;
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 4: CONVINCED that by establishing and ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia the Community will be able to play an active and positive role in the process of achieving a cessation of hostilities and the re-establishment of law and order through the formation of a democratically elected government;

Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 5: RECOGNISING the non-existence of a [sic] Community financial provision for the funding of the operations of an ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group;
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: DONE AT BANJUL THIS 7TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1990
H. E. DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA
CHAIRMAN
ECOWAS STANDING MEDIATION COMMITTEE
FOR THE AUTHORITY
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 4: CONVINCED that by establishing and ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia the Community will be able to play an active and positive role in the process of achieving a cessation of hostilities and the re-establishment of law and order through the formation of a democratically elected government;

Page 1, Untitled Preamble, para 5: RECOGNISING the non-existence of a [sic] Community financial provision for the funding of the operations of an ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group;
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Official Journal of the ECOWAS, Vol. 21, Nov. 1991/

DECISION A/DEC.3/8/90 ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SPECIAL EMERGENCY FUND FOR ECOWAS OPERATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA

THE COMMUNITY STANDING MEDIATION COMMITTEE

MINDFUL of Article 5 of the ECOWAS Treaty establishing the Authority of Heads of State and Government, and defining its composition and functions;

MINDFUL of Decision A/DEC.9/5/90 of the Authority of 30 May.

1990 relating to the creation of a Community Standing Mediation Committee;

GRAVELY CONCERNED about the destructive armed conflict going on in Liberia and the profound disruptive effect that civil war is having on normal life in Liberia;

CONVINCED that by establishing and ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia the Community will be able to play an active and positive role in the process of achieving a cessation of hostilities and the re-establishment of law and order through the formation of a democratically elected government;

RECOGNISING the non-existence of an Community financial provision for the funding of the operations of an ECOWAS Cease-fire Monitoring Group;

DECIDES

ARTICLE 1

a. There is hereby established a Special Emergency Fund for the ECOWAS operations in Liberia.

b. The Special Emergency Fund shall be endowed with an initial amount of fifty million United States dollars (US $50 million).

ARTICLE 2

The resources of the Special Emergency Fund shall be derived from contributions of Member States of the Community and donor governments and institutions outside the subregion.

ARTICLE 3

Contributions from Member States shall be on a voluntary basis.

Each Member State is urged to make a special effort to contribute to the resources of the Special Emergency Fund.

ARTICLE 4

The Special Emergency Fund shall be managed in accordance with the Financial Regulations and Manual of Accounting Procedures of the Community.

ARTICLE 5

An urgent appeal is made to other African Governments and to donor governments and institutions outside Africa to assist the ECOWAS effort at restoring peace and security in Liberia by making generous contributions to the Special Emergency Fund specifically established for that purpose.

ARTICLE 6

This Decision shall come into force upon signature and shall be published in the Official Journal of the Community and in the National Gazette of each Member State.

DONE AT BANJUL THIS 7TH DAY OF AUGUST, 1990

H. E. DAWDA KAIRABA JAWARA

CHAIRMAN

ECOWAS STANDING MEDIATION COMMITTEE

FOR THE AUTHORITY