Protocol on the results of the negotiations by representatives of the federal and Chechen sides

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Country/entity: Russia
Chechnya
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Protocol on the results of the negotiations by representatives of the federal and Chechen sides
Date: 4 Jun 1996
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Chechnya Conflicts (1991 - 2009)
The First Chechen War (1995 - 1997)
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, relations between the Federal Russian government with the over 100 ethnic groups deteriorated as demands for autonomy became a major political issue. In March 1992, a federation treaty was drafted and by 1994 the treaty was signed between 87 of the 88 federal jurisdictions and central government, with Chechnya being the exception. The conflict erupted in 1991 following the death of the head of the Communist Party in Grozny when a faction of the USSR’s dissolved military stormed Party Headquarters. Russian forces failed to re-take Grozny and in 1993 the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria announced its independence. Violence and discrimination preceded economic stagnation as non-Chechnens fled the region, and eventually an undeclared civil war broke out as the Chechen opposition attempted a counter-coup against the Chechen ruler Dzhokhar Dudayev. Following the dissolution of the Chechen Parliament in June 1993, a state of emergency was declared, and in December that year an other coup was attempted by the opposition. Issues of sovereignty spurred an assault by Russian troops in December 1994, marking the start of the first Chechen War wherein Russian troops faced four years of insurgency until a ceasefire was unilaterally declared in 1996. A peace treaty was signed in 1997 and Russian forces withdrew.

The Second Chechen War (1999 - 2004)
The inter-war period was marked by economic desolation, corruption and crime. Political polarization was rife, and religious extremism flourished. In August 1999, the Islamic International Brigade led by Shamil Basayev invaded the Russian Republic of Dagestan seeking to found an Islamic State, thereby sparking the Second Chechen War. In response, the Russian Federation began a bombing campaign against the Chechen government and eventually re-took Grozny. An insurgency began following the fall of the Chechen government and separatist attacks spurred an increasingly harsh response from the Kremlin. By 2006, the main separatist leaders had been killed, and the republic has been run by the pro-Russian government led by Ramzan Kadyrov since 2007.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Chechnya peace process
Parties: Chechen Republic representatives and representatives from the Russian Federation Government
Third parties: -
Description: Short agreement outlining the agreed results of negotiations between the two sides; 1) the ceasefire, 2) release of those forcibly detained.

Agreement document: RU_CRI_960604_Protocol on the results of the negotiations by representative of the federal and CRI sides.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Liberty and security of person
Page 1, 2. Concerning the question of the liberation of all forcibly detained persons
... d) Starting from June 1, 1996
... - stop the detention of civilians with the violation of legal procedures
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: Page 1, 2. Concerning the question of the liberation of all forcibly detained persons
... d) Starting from June 1, 1996
... - stop the detention of civilians with the violation of legal procedures
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 1. Concerning the ceasefire and the end of combat operations: the working groups have exchanged proposals concerning the ceasefire and the end of the combat operations.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, 2. Concerning the question of the liberation of all forcibly detained persons
a) sides to exchange lists of forcibly detained persons
... c) sides to exchange in agreed period of time (two weeks) all forcibly detained persons;
d) Starting from June 1, 1996
... - with revolving the problem of the liberation of forcibly detained persons, liquidate the filtration points.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: Page 1, 2. Concerning the question of the liberation of all forcibly detained persons
... b) sides to exchange lists of missing persons.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Archived hard copy from C. Bell.

Protocol on the results of the negotiations by representatives of the federal and Chechen sides:

The following agreements have been reached between the two sıdes:

1 Concerning the ceasefire and the end of combat operations:

the working groups have exchanged proposals conccming the ceasefire and the end ofthe combat operations

2. Conceming the questıon of the liberation of ali forcibly detained persons·

a) sides to exchange Iists of forcibly detained persons;

b) sides to exchange lists of missing persons;

c) sides to exchange in agreed period of time (two weeks) ali forcibly detained persons;

d) Starting from June 1, 1996

• stop the detentıon of civilians with the violation of legal procedures

• while resolving the problem ofthe liberation offorcibly detained persons, liquidate the filtration points.

Both sides exchange proposals for the compositıon ofthe workıng negotiating mmıssions and for the date of the next meetıng.