Joint Communique

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Joint Communique
Date: 12 Jul 1994
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Renewal
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: Yasushi AKASHI; Kresimir ZUBAK; Ejup GANIC
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement extends the Geneva Agreement of 8 June 1994, reaffirming UNPROFOR's commitments to eradicate ethnic cleansing and other human rights violations, and to monitor and report all military activities.

Agreement document: BA_940712_Joint Communique.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 1
...UNPROFOR reaffirms that within its mandates and resources, it will attempt to eradicate ethnic cleansing and other violations of human rights, in cooperation with other United Nations and relevant international organizations, and will continue to inform the international community of the situation. To attain this purpose the Special Representative of the Secretary-General will continue to press for an UNPROFOR presence in the Banja Luka area, as well as for his personal visit.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1
...Taking note of the contributions made by the International Committee of the Red Cross on some aspects of the 8 June Agreement, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General welcomes the assurances given to him to continue to work towards early positive results in the implementation of paragraph 2 of that Agreement, with an attitude of greater flexibility.

Page 1
...UNPROFOR strongly reaffirms its right to complete and unhindered freedom of movement, as well as that of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its implementing partners. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General is committed to exercising this right with all vigour. In this connection, he is determined soon to resume UNPROFOR flights to Tuzla and to arrive at acceptable modalities for humanitarian flights. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General also expects the parties to guarantee the safety and security of UNPROFOR and other United Nations personnel in all circumstances.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 1
...UNPROFOR reaffirms that within its mandates and resources, it will attempt to eradicate ethnic cleansing and other violations of human rights, in cooperation with other United Nations and relevant international organizations, and will continue to inform the international community of the situation. To attain this purpose the Special Representative of the Secretary-General will continue to press for an UNPROFOR presence in the Banja Luka area, as well as for his personal visit.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1
...UNPROFOR strongly reaffirms its right to complete and unhindered freedom of movement, as well as that of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its implementing partners. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General is committed to exercising this right with all vigour. In this connection, he is determined soon to resume UNPROFOR flights to Tuzla and to arrive at acceptable modalities for humanitarian flights. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General also expects the parties to guarantee the safety and security of UNPROFOR and other United Nations personnel in all circumstances.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1
...UNPROFOR strongly reaffirms its right to complete and unhindered freedom of movement, as well as that of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its implementing partners. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General is committed to exercising this right with all vigour. In this connection, he is determined soon to resume UNPROFOR flights to Tuzla and to arrive at acceptable modalities for humanitarian flights...
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1
...In addition to its commitment to monitor and report all military activities as stipulated under the 8 June 1994 Agreement, UNPROFOR will endeavor to enhance its ability to monitor relevant military movements throughout the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the air and on the ground.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Signed by Special Representative of the Secretary-General Yasushi Akashi
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1
...The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the signatories of the Geneva Agreement of 8 June 1994 have confirmed its extension for a further period of one month beyond 10 July 1994. The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) reiterates its commitment and its best endeavors to achieve the aims stipulated in the above Agreement.

Page 1
...UNPROFOR reaffirms that within its mandates and resources, it will attempt to eradicate ethnic cleansing and other violations of human rights, in cooperation with other United Nations and relevant international organizations, and will continue to inform the international community of the situation. To attain this purpose the Special Representative of the Secretary-General will continue to press for an UNPROFOR presence in the Banja Luka area, as well as for his personal visit.

Page 1
...In addition to its commitment to monitor and report all military activities as stipulated under the 8 June 1994 Agreement, UNPROFOR will endeavor to enhance its ability to monitor relevant military movements throughout the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the air and on the ground.

Page 1
...UNPROFOR strongly reaffirms its right to complete and unhindered freedom of movement, as well as that of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its implementing partners. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General is committed to exercising this right with all vigour. In this connection, he is determined soon to resume UNPROFOR flights to Tuzla and to arrive at acceptable modalities for humanitarian flights. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General also expects the parties to guarantee the safety and security of UNPROFOR and other United Nations personnel in all circumstances.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Snezana Trifunovska (ed.) Former Yugoslavia Through Documents: From its dissolution to the peace settlement (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1999) p. 1147

JOINT COMMUNIQUE

[Signed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, and the President and the Vice-President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]

12 July 1994

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the signatories of the Geneva Agreement of 8 June 1994 have confirmed its extension for a further period of one month beyond 10 July 1994.

The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) reiterates its commitment and its best endeavors to achieve the aims stipulated in the above Agreement.

UNPROFOR reaffirms that within its mandates and resources, it will attempt to eradicate ethnic cleansing and other violations of human rights, in cooperation with other United Nations and relevant international organizations, and will continue to inform the international community of the situation.

To attain this purpose the Special Representative of the Secretary-General will continue to press for an UNPROFOR presence in the Banja Luka area, as well as for his personal visit.

Taking note of the contributions made by the International Committee of the Red Cross on some aspects of the 8 June Agreement, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General welcomes the assurances given to him to continue to work towards early positive results in the implementation of paragraph 2 of that Agreement, with an attitude of greater flexibility.

In addition to its commitment to monitor and report all military activities as stipulated under the 8 June 1994 Agreement, UNPROFOR will endeavor to enhance its ability to monitor relevant military movements throughout the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the air and on the ground.

UNPROFOR strongly reaffirms its right to complete and unhindered freedom of movement, as well as that of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its implementing partners.

The Special Representative of the Secretary-General is committed to exercising this right with all vigour.

In this connection, he is determined soon to resume UNPROFOR flights to Tuzla and to arrive at acceptable modalities for humanitarian flights.

The Special Representative of the Secretary-General also expects the parties to guarantee the safety and security of UNPROFOR and other United Nations personnel in all circumstances.

(Signed) Yasushi AKASHI (Signed) Kresimir ZUBAK (Signed) Ejup GANIC