Confidence, Security-building and Verification (The London Conference)

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Confidence, Security-building and Verification (The London Conference)
Date: 27 Aug 1992
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Interstate/intrastate conflict(s)
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: This conference was convened by Great Britain, which held the presidency of the EC at the time. The Participants were: The SFRY republics, the EC countries, the USA, China, Russia, Japan, Canada, The Republic of Czechoslovakia (as a state which held the presidency of CSCE – Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe) and the neighboring countries: Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania
Third parties: -
Description: This agreement contains military measures designed to build confidence and preclude a cessation of hostilities. These include mechanisms for monitoring, improved communication between parties, and verification of weaponry.

Agreement document: BA_920827_Confidence, Security-building and Verification.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- measures of demilitarisation, for example declaring that areas around specific locations, such as refugee camps or major cities, should be free from certain categories of equipment;
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, I Purpose, 2
Such military measures need to be seen in the context of measures of a political and humanitarian nature, including, for example, convoys under UNHCR auspices, and exchanges of prisoners of war under ICRC auspices.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, I Purpose, 2
Such military measures need to be seen in the context of measures of a political and humanitarian nature, including, for example, convoys under UNHCR auspices, and exchanges of prisoners of war under ICRC auspices.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- more systematic liaison provisions, for example establishment of local standing liaison commissions, cessation of hostilities and safe delivery of humanitarian assistance. Achievement of these aims can be facilitated considerably through agreement of measures aimed at clarifying the military situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina and increasing the possibilities for liaison and verification.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1, I Purpose, 1
There is an urgent need to identify and promote steps in the military sphere in all or part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) which could underpin·a cessation of hostilities and a durable political settlement...

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 6
...Such measures may include, inter alia:
- information exchange on numbers and location of certain categories of equipment (to be defined) held by the parties;
- advance notification of movements of personnel, or movements/transfers of equipment:
information on personnel levels of formations and units above a given strength;
...
- short-notice on-site inspection (within 24 hours) in the event of suspect activities.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
- restrictions on the movement of paramilitary or military forces;
- no acquisition of certain types of equipment;
- measures of demilitarisation, for example declaring that areas around specific locations, such as refugee camps or major cities, should be free from certain categories of equipment;
- other verification measures, for example assessment visits by parties to evaluate compliance with agreed provisions, or overflights by outside states;

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- more systematic liaison provisions, for example establishment of local standing liaison commissions, cessation of hostilities and safe delivery of humanitarian assistance. Achievement of these aims can be facilitated considerably through agreement of measures aimed at clarifying the military situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina and increasing the possibilities for liaison and verification. As a first step, the conference has decided to adopt the following measures with regard to Bosnia-Hercegovina:
- improved communications between the parties, including direct and immediate liaison between commanders on forward deployment lines, for example by local radio and telephone hot lines;
- improvements in contacts between the parties, for example by liaison visits, and by establishing joint teams to resolve local incidents;
...
- immediate acceptance of the principle that all mortars and heavy weapons will be subject to international supervision and, as a first step, should be notified to the UN by type and location within 96 hours, as a prelude to their disengagement from the
conflict;
- no military use of aircraft or helicopters;

Page 2-3, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- information exchange on command structure, involving outside observers such as EC Monitors or UN Military Observers:
- other arms limitation measures.

Page 3, III Working Group Programme, 8
Although the group will focus on new measures, it will also be important to ensure that existing obligations under the terms at the Vienna Document 92 in respect of provision of information are fully implemented. Consideration should also be given to applying in the former SFRY some of the mechanisms of the Vienna Document which are designed to enhance transparency, for example the unusual military activity, verification and border tours measures.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, I Purpose, 1
There is an urgent need to identify and promote steps in the military sphere in all or part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) which could underpin·a cessation of hostilities and a durable political settlement. To this end, the conference has taken some immediate decisions and set up a Working Group to develop confidence-building measures, covering military movements and arms transfers and limitations, as well as measures for their monitoring and verification. This work will be under the direction of the co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee (see Work Programme). The results of this work will be compatible with action authorised by the Security Council in respect of the United Nations peacekeeping operations in the former SFRY.

Page 1, I Purpose, 2
Such military measures need to be seen in the context of measures of a political and humanitarian nature, including, for example, convoys under UNHCR auspices, and exchanges of prisoners of war under ICRC auspices.

Page 1, II Immediate Decisions of the Conference, 3
The most immediate task is to alleviate the suffering in Bosnia-Hercegovina through a permanent identifying HQ locations and names of commanders, covering all armed units, including paramilitary units.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 6
...Such measures may include, inter alia:
- information exchange on numbers and location of certain categories of equipment (to be defined) held by the parties;
- advance notification of movements of personnel, or movements/transfers of equipment:
information on personnel levels of formations and units above a given strength;
...
- short-notice on-site inspection (within 24 hours) in the event of suspect activities.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
- restrictions on the movement of paramilitary or military forces;
- no acquisition of certain types of equipment;
- measures of demilitarisation, for example declaring that areas around specific locations, such as refugee camps or major cities, should be free from certain categories of equipment;
- other verification measures, for example assessment visits by parties to evaluate compliance with agreed provisions, or overflights by outside states;

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- more systematic liaison provisions, for example establishment of local standing liaison commissions, cessation of hostilities and safe delivery of humanitarian assistance. Achievement of these aims can be facilitated considerably through agreement of measures aimed at clarifying the military situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina and increasing the possibilities for liaison and verification. As a first step, the conference has decided to adopt the following measures with regard to Bosnia-Hercegovina:
- improved communications between the parties, including direct and immediate liaison between commanders on forward deployment lines, for example by local radio and telephone hot lines;
- improvements in contacts between the parties, for example by liaison visits, and by establishing joint teams to resolve local incidents;
...
- immediate acceptance of the principle that all mortars and heavy weapons will be subject to international supervision and, as a first step, should be notified to the UN by type and location within 96 hours, as a prelude to their disengagement from the
conflict;
- no military use of aircraft or helicopters;

Page 2-3, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- information exchange on command structure, involving outside observers such as EC Monitors or UN Military Observers:
- other arms limitation measures.

Page 3, III Working Group Programme, 8
Although the group will focus on new measures, it will also be important to ensure that existing obligations under the terms at the Vienna Document 92 in respect of provision of information are fully implemented. Consideration should also be given to applying in the former SFRY some of the mechanisms of the Vienna Document which are designed to enhance transparency, for example the unusual military activity, verification and border tours measures.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1, II Immediate Decisions of the Conference, 5
Priority should be given to assuring that there is immediate follow-up to the agreement on international supervision of all mortars and heavy weapons in Bosnia-Hercegovina, proceeding by agreed steps, which could include tagging, monitoring, deactivation, corralling under local supervision and eventually centralisation of such weapons. It will be for the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee to decide whether this work would more appropriately be done by the Working Group on confidence, security-building and verification or the one on Bosnia-Hercegovina.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- measures of demilitarisation, for example declaring that areas around specific locations, such as refugee camps or major cities, should be free from certain categories of equipment;

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
As a first step, the conference has decided to adopt the following measures with regard to Bosnia-Hercegovina:
...
- immediate acceptance of the principle that all mortars and heavy weapons will be subject to international supervision and, as a first step, should be notified to the UN by type and location within 96 hours, as a prelude to their disengagement from the conflict;
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, II Immediate Decisions of the Conference, 3
The most immediate task is to alleviate the suffering in Bosnia-Hercegovina through a permanent identifying HQ locations and names of commanders, covering all armed units, including paramilitary units.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 6
...Such measures may include, inter alia:
- information exchange on numbers and location of certain categories of equipment (to be defined) held by the parties;
- advance notification of movements of personnel, or movements/transfers of equipment:
information on personnel levels of formations and units above a given strength;
...
- short-notice on-site inspection (within 24 hours) in the event of suspect activities.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
- restrictions on the movement of paramilitary or military forces;
- no acquisition of certain types of equipment;
- measures of demilitarisation, for example declaring that areas around specific locations, such as refugee camps or major cities, should be free from certain categories of equipment;
- other verification measures, for example assessment visits by parties to evaluate compliance with agreed provisions, or overflights by outside states;

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- more systematic liaison provisions, for example establishment of local standing liaison commissions, cessation of hostilities and safe delivery of humanitarian assistance. Achievement of these aims can be facilitated considerably through agreement of measures aimed at clarifying the military situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina and increasing the possibilities for liaison and verification. As a first step, the conference has decided to adopt the following measures with regard to Bosnia-Hercegovina:
- improved communications between the parties, including direct and immediate liaison between commanders on forward deployment lines, for example by local radio and telephone hot lines;
- improvements in contacts between the parties, for example by liaison visits, and by establishing joint teams to resolve local incidents;
...
- immediate acceptance of the principle that all mortars and heavy weapons will be subject to international supervision and, as a first step, should be notified to the UN by type and location within 96 hours, as a prelude to their disengagement from the
conflict;
- no military use of aircraft or helicopters;

Page 2-3, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- information exchange on command structure, involving outside observers such as EC Monitors or UN Military Observers:
- other arms limitation measures.

Page 3, III Working Group Programme, 8
Although the group will focus on new measures, it will also be important to ensure that existing obligations under the terms at the Vienna Document 92 in respect of provision of information are fully implemented. Consideration should also be given to applying in the former SFRY some of the mechanisms of the Vienna Document which are designed to enhance
transparency, for example the unusual military activity, verification and border tours measures.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: Page 1, I Purpose, 2
Such military measures need to be seen in the context of measures of a political and humanitarian nature, including, for example, convoys under UNHCR auspices, and exchanges of prisoners of war under ICRC auspices.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was the co-chairman of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia
Other international signatory: This conference was convened by Great Britain, which held the presidency of the EC at the time. The Participants were: The SFRY republics, the EC countries, the USA, China, Russia, Japan, Canada, The Republic of Czechoslovakia (as a state which held the presidency of CSCE – Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe) and the neighboring countries: Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, I Purpose, 1
There is an urgent need to identify and promote steps in the military sphere in all or part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) which could underpin·a cessation of hostilities and a durable political settlement. To this end, the conference has taken some immediate decisions and set up a Working Group to develop confidence-building measures, covering military movements and arms transfers and limitations, as well as measures for their monitoring and verification. This work will be under the direction of the co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee (see Work Programme). The results of this work will be compatible with action authorised by the Security Council in respect of the United Nations peacekeeping operations in the former SFRY.

Page 1, II Immediate Decisions of the Conference, 4
It will be for the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee to recommend bow these measures should be implemented, taking account of international peace-keeping and other related activities in progress in the region. Breaches of agreed measures will be reported (with, where possible, an indication of who is responsible) by the co-Chairmen to the conference, and, where appropriate, by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Security Council.

Page 1, II Immediate Decisions of the Conference, 5
Priority should be given to assuring that there is immediate follow-up to the agreement on international supervision of all mortars and heavy weapons in Bosnia-Hercegovina, proceeding by agreed steps, which could include tagging, monitoring, deactivation, corralling under local supervision and eventually centralisation of such weapons. It will be for the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee to decide whether this work would more appropriately be done by the Working Group on confidence, security-building and verification or the one on Bosnia-Hercegovina.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 6
...Such measures may include, inter alia:
- information exchange on numbers and location of certain categories of equipment (to be defined) held by the parties;
- advance notification of movements of personnel, or movements/transfers of equipment:
information on personnel levels of formations and units above a given strength;
- extension of observer missions both on inter-republican borders and within certain republics;
- short-notice on-site inspection (within 24 hours) in the event of suspect activities.

Page 2, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- other verification measures, for example assessment visits by parties to evaluate compliance with agreed provisions, or overflights by outside states;
...
As a first step, the conference has decided to adopt the following measures with regard to Bosnia-Hercegovina:
...
- immediate acceptance of reconnaissance teams to prepare for the deployment of observers around designated locations;
- posting of observers on the Bosnian/Serbian, Bosnia/Montenegrin and Bosnian/Croatian borders;
- immediate acceptance of the principle that all mortars and heavy weapons will be subject to international supervision and, as a first step, should be notified to the UN by type and location within 96 hours, as a prelude to their disengagement from the conflict;

Page 2-3, III Working Group Programme, 7
In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:
...
- information exchange on command structure, involving outside observers such as EC Monitors or UN Military Observers:
- other arms limitation measures.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: 'International Conference the Former Yugoslavia: Documents Adopted at the London Conference, International Legal Materials, Vol. 31, No. 6 (NOVEMBER 1992), pp. 1546-1548

The London Conference

CONFIDENCE, SECURITY BUILDING AND VERIFICATION

Conference Document produced by the co-Chairmen on the basis of extensive consultations with Delegations on 26/27 August 1992

I Purpose

1. There is an urgent need to identify and promote steps in the military sphere in all or part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) which could underpin a cessation of hostilities and a durable political settlement.

To this end, the Conference has taken some illllllediate decisions and set up a Working Group to develop confidence-building measures, covering military movements and arms transfers and limitations, as well as measures for their monitoring and verification.

This work will be under the direction of the Co- Chairmen of the Steering Committee (see Work Programme).

The results of this work will be compatible with action authorised by the Security Council in respect of the United Nations

peacekeeping operations in the former SFRY.

2. Such military measures need to be seen in the context of measures of a political and humanitarian nature, including, for example, convoys under UNHCR auspices, and exchanges of prisoners of war under ICRC auspices.

II Immediate Decisions o f the Conference

3. The most immediate task is to alleviate the suffering in Bosnia-Hercegovina through a permanent identifying HO locations and names of commanders, covering all armed units, including paramilitary units.

4. It will be for the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee to recommend how these measures should be implemented, taking account of international peace-keeping and other related activities in progress in the region.

Breaches of agreed measures will be reported (with, where possible, an indication of who is responsible) by the co-Chairmen to the Conference, and, where appropriate, by the Secretary-General of the

United Nations to the Security council.

5. Priority should be given to assuring that there is immediate follow-up to the agreement on international supervision of all mortars and heavy weapons in Bosnia- Hercegovina, proceeding by agreed steps, which could include tagging, monitoring, deactivation, corralling under local supervision and eventually centralisation of such weapons.

It will be for the Co- Chairmen of the Steer ing Committee to decide whether

this work would more appropriately be done by the Working Group on confidence, security-building and verification or the one on Bosnia-Hercegovina.

III Working Group Programme

6. The Working Group should seek early agreement on measures aimed to enhance transparency between the parties in the former SFRY.

The purpose of these provisions would be to build confidence and to ensure that any cease-fire is durable.

Such measures may include, inter alia:

information exchange on numbers and location of certain categories of equipment (to be defined) held by the parties:

advance notification of movements of personnel, or movements/transfers of equipment:

information on personnel levels of formations and units above a given strength:

extension of observer missions both on inter-republican borders and within certain republics;

short-notice on-site inspection (within 24 hours) in the event of suspect activities.

7. In addition, though perhaps on a different timescale, other measures should be considered in the former SFRY, including:

restrictions on the movement of paramilitary or military forces:

no acquisition of certain types of equipment;

measures of demilitarisation, for example declaring that areas around specific locations, such as refugee camps or major cities, should be free from certain categories of equipment;

other verification measures, for example assessaent visits by parties to evaluate compliance with agreed provisions, or overflights by outside states;

more systematic liaison provisions, for example establishment of local standing liaison commissions, cessation of hostilities and safe delivery of humanitarian assistance.

Achievement of these aims can be facilitated considerably through agreement of measures aimed at clarifying the military situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina and increasing the possibilities for liaison and verification.

As a first stop, the conference has decided to adopt the following measures with regard to Bosnia-Hercegovina:

improved communications between the parties, including direct and immediate liaison between commanders on forward deployment lines, for example by local radio and telephone hot lines;

improvements in contacts between the parties, for example by liaison visits, and by establishing joint teams to resolve local incidents;

immediate acceptance of reconnaissance teams to prepare for the deployment of observers around designated locations;

posting of observers on the Bosnian/Serbian, Bosnia/Montenegrin and Bosnian/Creation borders;

immediate acceptance of the principle that all mortars and heavy weapons will be subject to international supervision and, as a first step, should be notified to the UN by type and location within 96 hours, as a prelude to their disengagement from the conflict;

no military use of aircraft or helicopters;

information exchange on command structure, involving outside observers such as EC Monitors or UN Military Observers;

other arms limitation measures.

8. Although the group will focus on new measures, it will also be important to ensure that existing obligations μnder the terms ot the Vienna Document 92 in respect of provision of information are fully implemented.

Consideration should also be given to applying in the former SFRY some of the mechanisms of the Vienna Document which are designed to enhance transparency, for example the unusual military activity, verification and border tours measures.

IV Working Group Organization

9. It will be for the co-chairmen of the Steering Committee to decide how to develop work on these lines as soon as possible.