Declaración de Tregua Unilateral Durante Temporada de Fin den Ano, FARC-EP

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Declaración de Tregua Unilateral Durante Temporada de Fin den Ano, FARC-EP
Date: 20 Dec 1999
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia III - Arango
Parties: FARC-EP
Third parties: /
Description: This is a unilateral ceasefire of 20 days for the New Year’s celebrations and a reaffirmation to continue the peace talks. The FARC emphasises that it will only take up arms in retaliation if attacked by the forces of the state.

Agreement document: CO_991220_DECLARACIÓN DE TREGUA UNILATERAL - FARC-EP - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_991220_DECLARACIÓN DE TREGUA UNILATERAL - FARC-EP.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 1, Article 1,
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas
Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) offer the Colombian people a
unilateral cessation of offensive actions against the state security forces from 20
December at 00:00 until 10 January 2000 at 00:00 to allow Colombians to celebrate the
end of the year and the start of the new millennium with their families and friends, free
from the turmoil, deaths and injuries caused by the armed conflict.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, Article 3,
The truce offered by FARC–EP to the Colombian people reaffirms to the country and the
international community the undoubtable political desire of the organisation in armed
conflict to contribute to obtaining peace with social justice via dialogue in order to build
a new Colombia with a permanent, long-lasting peace, free from hunger, without the
Unit of Constant Purchasing Power (Unidad de poder adquisitivo constant, UPAC)
system, without large-scale redundancies and without state terrorism, with
employment, education, health, housing, an immediate solution to the crisis in the
agricultural sector, and independence and full sovereignty without the neoliberal model.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Article 1,
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas
Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) offer the Colombian people a
unilateral cessation of offensive actions against the state security forces from 20
December at 00:00 until 10 January 2000 at 00:00 to allow Colombians to celebrate the
end of the year and the start of the new millennium with their families and friends, free
from the turmoil, deaths and injuries caused by the armed conflict.

Page 1, Article 2,
The FARC guerrilla units will initiate a 20-day truce but reserve the right to militarily
respond to any aggression by state and parastatal security forces during the period of
the cessation of military operations, with the corresponding instructions provided to all
FARC–EP guerrillas.

Page 1, Article 3,
The truce offered by FARC–EP to the Colombian people reaffirms to the country and the
international community the undoubtable political desire of the organisation in armed
conflict to contribute to obtaining peace with social justice via dialogue in order to build
a new Colombia with a permanent, long-lasting peace, free from hunger, without the
Unit of Constant Purchasing Power (Unidad de poder adquisitivo constant, UPAC)
system, without large-scale redundancies and without state terrorism, with
employment, education, health, housing, an immediate solution to the crisis in the
agricultural sector, and independence and full sovereignty without the neoliberal model.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, Article 1,
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas
Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) offer the Colombian people a
unilateral cessation of offensive actions against the state security forces from 20
December at 00:00 until 10 January 2000 at 00:00 to allow Colombians to celebrate the
end of the year and the start of the new millennium with their families and friends, free
from the turmoil, deaths and injuries caused by the armed conflict.

Page 1, Article 2,
The FARC guerrilla units will initiate a 20-day truce but reserve the right to militarily
respond to any aggression by state and parastatal security forces during the period of
the cessation of military operations, with the corresponding instructions provided to all
FARC–EP guerrillas.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Article 1,
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas
Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) offer the Colombian people a
unilateral cessation of offensive actions against the state security forces from 20
December at 00:00 until 10 January 2000 at 00:00 to allow Colombians to celebrate the
end of the year and the start of the new millennium with their families and friends, free
from the turmoil, deaths and injuries caused by the armed conflict.

Page 1, Article 2,
The FARC guerrilla units will initiate a 20-day truce but reserve the right to militarily
respond to any aggression by state and parastatal security forces during the period of
the cessation of military operations, with the corresponding instructions provided to all
FARC–EP guerrillas.

Page 1, Article 3,
The truce offered by FARC–EP to the Colombian people reaffirms to the country and the
international community the undoubtable political desire of the organisation in armed
conflict to contribute to obtaining peace with social justice via dialogue in order to build
a new Colombia with a permanent, long-lasting peace, free from hunger, without the
Unit of Constant Purchasing Power (Unidad de poder adquisitivo constant, UPAC)
system, without large-scale redundancies and without state terrorism, with
employment, education, health, housing, an immediate solution to the crisis in the
agricultural sector, and independence and full sovereignty without the neoliberal model.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: Page 1, Article 3,
The truce offered by FARC–EP to the Colombian people reaffirms to the country and the
international community the undoubtable political desire of the organisation in armed
conflict to contribute to obtaining peace with social justice via dialogue in order to build
a new Colombia with a permanent, long-lasting peace, free from hunger, without the
Unit of Constant Purchasing Power (Unidad de poder adquisitivo constant, UPAC)
system, without large-scale redundancies and without state terrorism, with
employment, education, health, housing, an immediate solution to the crisis in the
agricultural sector, and independence and full sovereignty without the neoliberal model.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Diálogo, negociación y ruptura con las FARC-EP y con el ELN, Biblioteca de la Paz – 1998-2000, Fundación Cultura Democrática, Ed. Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento, Bogotá D.C., 2009 (book V) p. 192

DECLARATION OF A UNILATERAL TRUCE DURING THE NEW-YEAR PERIOD, REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA – PEOPLE’S ARMY

The Mountains of Colombia, 20 December 1999

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) offer the Colombian people a unilateral cessation of offensive actions against the state security forces from 20 December at 00:00 until 10 January 2000 at 00:00 to allow Colombians to celebrate the end of the year and the start of the new millennium with their families and friends, free from the turmoil, deaths and injuries caused by the armed conflict.

The FARC guerrilla units will initiate a 20-day truce but reserve the right to militarily respond to any aggression by state and parastatal security forces during the period of the cessation of military operations, with the corresponding instructions provided to all FARC–EP guerrillas.

The truce offered by FARC–EP to the Colombian people reaffirms to the country and the international community the undoubtable political desire of the organisation in armed conflict to contribute to obtaining peace with social justice via dialogue in order to build a new Colombia with a permanent, long-lasting peace, free from hunger, without the Unit of Constant Purchasing Power (Unidad de poder adquisitivo constant, UPAC) system, without large-scale redundancies and without state terrorism, with employment, education, health, housing, an immediate solution to the crisis in the agricultural sector, and independence and full sovereignty without the neoliberal model.

MANUEL MARULANDA VÉLEZ

ALFONSO CANO

RAÚL REYES

TIMOLEÓN JIMÉNEZ

IVÁN MÁRQUEZ

JORGE BRICEÑO

EFRAIN GUZMÁN