Acuerdo Partidos, Congreso, Gobierno y FARC: Política de Estado para la Paz y Lucha contra el Paramilitarismo

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo Partidos, Congreso, Gobierno y FARC: Política de Estado para la Paz y Lucha contra el Paramilitarismo
Date: 28 Apr 1999
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia III - Arango
Parties: MANUEL MARULANDA, FARC–EP
• VÍCTOR G. RICARDO, High Commissioner for Peace
• HORACIO SERPA, Liberal Party
• ORNAR YEPES, Conservative Party
• NOEMÍ SANÍN, Sí Colombia
• JAIME CAICEDO, Communist Party
• FABIO VALENCIA President of the Senate
• EMILIO MARTÍNEZ, Liberal Renewal and President of the House
• RAÚL REYES, FARC–EP spokesperson
• JOAQUÍN GÓMEZ, FARC–EP spokesperson
• FABIÁN RAMÍREZ, FARC–EP spokesperson
Third parties: -
Description: A short declaratory statement declaring support in the fight against para-militarism and to find concrete solutions to sufferings of the Colombian people include access to employment and education, health etc. with a special attention to the rural regions.

Agreement document: CO_990428_ACUERDO PARTIDOS CONGRESO GOBIERNO Y FARC - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_990428_ACUERDO PARTIDOS CONGRESO GOBIERNO Y FARC.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, Article 1,
To support and commit to a state policy for peace based on social justice and the
political solution to the conflict.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, Article 3,
To commit to finding mechanisms to allow immediate and specific responses to the
needs of the Colombian people, primarily in terms of employment and the opportunity
to access education and health. Special attention will also be paid to the rural sector.

Page 1, Article 1,
To support and commit to a state policy for peace based on social justice and the
political solution to the conflict.
Page 1, Article 4,
To work to develop education to ensure the commitment of all Colombians to the
supreme objective of peace.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Article 2,
To support the state policy in its direct fight against paramilitarism.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Copy on file with author.

AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES, CONGRESS, THE GOVERNMENT AND THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF COLOMBIA:

STATE POLICY FOR PEACE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST PARAMILITARISM

Caquetania, 28 April 1999

The leaders of the country’s various political forces, the leaders of the Congress of the Republic, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP) and the High Commissioner for Peace have agreed the following:

To support and commit to a state policy for peace based on social justice and the political solution to the conflict.

To support the state policy in its direct fight against paramilitarism.

To commit to finding mechanisms to allow immediate and specific responses to the needs of the Colombian people, primarily in terms of employment and the opportunity to access education and health.

Special attention will also be paid to the rural sector.

To work to develop education to ensure the commitment of all Colombians to the supreme objective of peace.

MANUEL MARULANDA, FARC–EP

VÍCTOR G. RICARDO, High Commissioner for Peace

HORACIO SERPA, Liberal Party

ORNAR YEPES, Conservative Party

NOEMÍ SANÍN, Sí Colombia

JAIME CAICEDO, Communist Party

FABIO VALENCIA President of the Senate

EMILIO MARTÍNEZ, Liberal Renewal and President of the House

RAÚL REYES, FARC–EP spokesperson

JOAQUÍN GÓMEZ, FARC–EP spokesperson

FABIÁN RAMÍREZ, FARC–EP spokesperson