Comunicado N°3: Plan de Desarrollo Alternativo para La Sustitución de Cultivos Ilícitos

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Comunicado N°3: Plan de Desarrollo Alternativo para La Sustitución de Cultivos Ilícitos
Date: 25 Jan 1999
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia III - Arango
Parties: Gobierno Nacional, FARC-EP
Third parties: -
Description: This notice is about the need and intention to address the social and economic question underlying the drug cultivation, and the announcement of work on an Alternative Development Plan in collaboration with the FARC-EP.

Agreement document: CO_990125_COMUNICADO N3 PLAN DE DESARROLLO ALTERNATIVO - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_990125_COMUNICADO N3 PLAN DE DESARROLLO ALTERNATIVO.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, Article 2,
Recognise the priority that must be given to solving the social and economic problem of
illicit crops in order to build peace, providing peasants with real alternatives through an
adequate exploitation of natural resources, and with production programmes that are
profitable for their beneficiaries. Trials for the substitution of these crops will be carried
out will be carried out in partnership with FARC–EP via the Alternative Development
Plan.

Page 1, Article 3,
Work on building a sustainable development model based on the country’s social and
environmental potential in a participative process that allows respect for the country’s
ecological heritage and environmental conservation as a source of national and global
wealth for present and future generations.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: Page 1, Article 2,
Recognise the priority that must be given to solving the social and economic problem of
illicit crops in order to build peace, providing peasants with real alternatives through an
adequate exploitation of natural resources, and with production programmes that are
profitable for their beneficiaries. Trials for the substitution of these crops will be carried
out will be carried out in partnership with FARC–EP via the Alternative Development
Plan.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: Page 1, Article 3,
Work on building a sustainable development model based on the country’s social and
environmental potential in a participative process that allows respect for the country’s
ecological heritage and environmental conservation as a source of national and global
wealth for present and future generations.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: Page 1, Article 2,
Recognise the priority that must be given to solving the social and economic problem of
illicit crops in order to build peace, providing peasants with real alternatives through an
adequate exploitation of natural resources, and with production programmes that are
profitable for their beneficiaries. Trials for the substitution of these crops will be carried
out will be carried out in partnership with FARC–EP via the Alternative Development
Plan.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Diálogo, negociación y ruptura con las FARC-EP y con el ELN, Biblioteca de la Paz – 1998-2000, Fundación Cultura Democrática, Ed. Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento, Bogotá D.C., 2009 (book V) p. 171

COMMUNICATION NO.

ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE SUBSTITUTION OF ILLICIT CROPS

San Vicente del Caguán, 25 January 1999

The spokespeople for the national government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército Popular, FARC–EP), present in La Machaca in the municipality of San Vicente del Caguán in the department of Caquetá, have agreed the following:

Reaffirm the parties’ desire to continue working toward a political solution to the severe crisis affecting the country, based on the joint construction of a state governed by equality and social justice.

Recognise the priority that must be given to solving the social and economic problem of illicit crops in order to build peace, providing peasants with real alternatives through an adequate exploitation of natural resources, and with production programmes that are profitable for their beneficiaries.

Trials for the substitution of these crops will be carried out will be carried out in partnership with FARC–EP via the Alternative Development Plan.

Work on building a sustainable development model based on the country’s social and environmental potential in a participative process that allows respect for the country’s ecological heritage and environmental conservation as a source of national and global wealth for present and future generations.

For the government:

VÍCTOR G. RICARDO

RODOLFO ESPINPOSA MEÓLA

NICANOR RESTREPO SANTAMARÍA

FABIO VALENIA COSSIO

MARÍA EMMA MEJÍA VÉLEZ

For FARC–EP:

RAÚL REYES

JOAQUÍN GÓMEZ

FABIÁN RAMÍREZ