Acuerdo sobre Veedurías, Segunda Ronda de Conversaciones Gobierno-CGSB, Caracas

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Acuerdo sobre Veedurías, Segunda Ronda de Conversaciones Gobierno-CGSB, Caracas
Date: 25 Jun 1991
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia I - Gaviria
Parties: Por el Gobierno Nacional:
JESÚS ANTONIO BEJARANO A. Consejero Presidencial de Paz ANDRÉS GONZÁLEZ D. Viceministro de Gobierno
PA-X, Peace Agreement Access Tool (Translation © University of Edinburgh)
www.peaceagreements.org
3
CARLOS EDUARDO JARAMILLO C. Asesor de la Consejeria HUMBERTO VERGARA P. Asesor de Ia Consejeria TOMÁS CONCHA S. Asesor de Ia Consejeria ALVARO HERNANDEZ Asesor de la Consejería
Por la Coordinadora Guerrillera Simón Bolívar
ALFONSO CANO (FARC-EP) IVÁN MÁRQUEZ (FARC-EP) GUILLERMO ZULUAGA (FARC-EP) ANDRÉS PARIS (FARC-EP) PABLO CATATUMBO (FARC-EP) DANIEL ALDANA (FARC-EP) MIGUEL SUÁREZ (FARC-EP) FRANCISCO GALÁN (UC-ELN) LUCÍA GONZÁLEZ (UC-ELN) DIEGO RUIZ (EPL) ASDRÚBAL JIMÉNEZ (EPL)
Third parties: Observatores presentes: ÁLVARO VÁSQUEZ, NELSON BERRÍO, WILLIAM RAMÍREZ Y ÓSCAR REYES
Description: The agreement commits to international observers as part of the peace process. The document outlines principles for this observation. This is especially necessary because of the enduring differences over criteria and geographic delimitation for a ceasefire. They reaffirm their will to find a solution to the armed conflict and to re-initiate negotiations. The government guarantees the safe journey to the negotiations in Caracas. They agree on the creation of a number of commissions (regional on all issues of the ceasefire) and a national evaluation committee.

Agreement document: CO_910625_ACUERDO SOBRE VEEDURÍAS, SEGUNDA RONDA DE CONVERSACIONES GOBIERNO-CGSB - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_910625_ACUERDO SOBRE VEEDURÍAS, SEGUNDA RONDA DE CONVERSACIONES GOBIERNO-CGSB.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Article 2,
It was agreed to establish an international monitoring commission to be appointed by mutual agreement. The parties will agree the point from which this commission will begin to operate and the necessary consultations will be made with governments, international organisations, international NGOs and international figures.

Page 1, Agreement, Point a,
a. Establish regional non-governmental commissions by mutual agreement in each area of application for the ceasefire, comprising representatives from the church, trade unions, social organisations and figures from the respective region. To guarantee its effectiveness, commissions will generally have a maximum of seven members and their remit will be specifically related to matters regarding the ceasefire.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 2, Article 4,
The government and CGSB agree that the objectives of the peace process must cover both the political solution to the armed conflict and the development of policies that contribute to permanently eradicating its causes, benefitting all Colombians and promoting democratic coexistence and social justice.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: Page 2, Article 4,
The government and CGSB agree that the objectives of the peace process must cover both the political solution to the armed conflict and the development of policies that contribute to permanently eradicating its causes, benefitting all Colombians and promoting democratic coexistence and social justice.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 2, Article 6,
The Colombian government undertakes to provide all necessary guarantees for transporting the CGSB commission to the agreed sites in order to make the necessary arrangements for the continuity of the process between 25 June and 15 July. The government also commits to returning them to the city of Caracas.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Article 1,
The negotiations between the government and CGSB concluded that verification mechanisms are indispensable both for the peace process as a whole and for the ceasefire and cessation of hostilities.

Page 1, Article 3,
In light of the persistence of significant differences in the general approach to the ceasefire and in particular regarding the demarcation of the areas for its application, this second round of talks addressed aspects related to this matter in an attempt to reach agreements that allow progress to be made in negotiating the ceasefire, provided an agreement can be reached. Specifically, it was agreed to discuss the verification of this aspect, for which the parties reached the following:

Page 1-2, Agreement, Points a-d,
a. Establish regional non-governmental commissions by mutual agreement in each area of application for the ceasefire, comprising representatives from the church, trade unions, social organisations and figures from the respective region. To guarantee its effectiveness, commissions will generally have a maximum of seven members and their remit will be specifically related to matters regarding the ceasefire.
b. Establish a national monitoring and evaluation committee for the ceasefire and to advise the process, comprising national figures appointed by mutual agreement. The government and CGSB will agree when this committee will commence operation.
c. Both the government and CGSB will create their own mechanisms to ensure full compliance with the steps defined for application of the ceasefire. The aspects related to the measures and guarantees required to allow CGSB to fulfil this objective will be agreed at the appropriate point in time.
d. The government will provide the resources and guarantees for the operation of the regional commissions responsible for verifying the ceasefire in each of the areas. Each regional commission will have an executive coordinator who will be responsible for logistic aspects and gathering related information. The information shall be submitted to the government, CGSB, the respective regional commissions and the process evaluation committee.
Police
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, Article 2,
It was agreed to establish an international monitoring commission to be appointed by mutual agreement. The parties will agree the point from which this commission will begin to operate and the necessary consultations will be made with governments, international organisations, international NGOs and international figures.
Enforcement mechanism: [Summary: Agreement as a whole provides for verification of the commitments in the process]
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Acuerdos con el EPL, MAQL y CRS, Diálogos con la CGSB, Biblioteca de la Paz – 1990-1994, Fundación Cultura Democrática, Ed. Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento, Bogotá D.C., 2009 (book III) p. 259

AGREEMENT ON MONITORS, SECOND ROUND OF TALKS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE SIMÓN BOLÍVAR GUERRILLA COORDINATING BOARD, CARACAS

25 June 1991

The commissions of the government and the Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board (Coordinadora Guerrillera Simón Bolívar, CGSB) have met in Caracas between 20 and 25 June 1991 and

DECLARE:

The negotiations between the government and CGSB concluded that verification mechanisms are indispensable both for the peace process as a whole and for the ceasefire and cessation of hostilities.

It was agreed to establish an international monitoring commission to be appointed by mutual agreement.

The parties will agree the point from which this commission will begin to operate and the necessary consultations will be made with governments, international organisations, international NGOs and international figures.

In light of the persistence of significant differences in the general approach to the ceasefire and in particular regarding the demarcation of the areas for its application, this second round of talks addressed aspects related to this matter in an attempt to reach agreements that allow progress to be made in negotiating the ceasefire, provided an agreement can be reached.

Specifically, it was agreed to discuss the verification of this aspect, for which the parties reached the following

AGREEMENT:

Establish regional non-governmental commissions by mutual agreement in each area of application for the ceasefire, comprising representatives from the church, trade unions, social organisations and figures from the respective region.

To guarantee its effectiveness, commissions will generally have a maximum of seven members and their remit will be specifically related to matters regarding the ceasefire.

Establish a national monitoring and evaluation committee for the ceasefire and to advise the process, comprising national figures appointed by mutual agreement.

The government and CGSB will agree when this committee will commence operation.

Both the government and CGSB will create their own mechanisms to ensure full compliance with the steps defined for application of the ceasefire.

The aspects related to the measures and guarantees required to allow CGSB to fulfil this objective will be agreed at the appropriate point in time.

The government will provide the resources and guarantees for the operation of the regional commissions responsible for verifying the ceasefire in each of the areas.

Each regional commission will have an executive coordinator who will be responsible for logistic aspects and gathering related information.

The information shall be submitted to the government, CGSB, the respective regional commissions and the process evaluation committee.

The government and CGSB agree that the objectives of the peace process must cover both the political solution to the armed conflict and the development of policies that contribute to permanently eradicating its causes, benefitting all Colombians and promoting democratic coexistence and social justice.

Confirm 15 June as the date for restarting peace talks in Caracas, subject to consultation with the Venezuelan government to secure its agreement.

Upon restarting talks, an international witness will be agreed to form part of the negotiations.

Consultations required to deliver this objective will be made.

The Colombian government undertakes to provide all necessary guarantees for transporting the CGSB commission to the agreed sites in order to make the necessary arrangements for the continuity of the process between 25 June and 15 July.

The government also commits to returning them to the city of Caracas.

Por el Gobierno Nacional:

JESÚS ANTONIO BEJARANO A.

Consejero Presidencial de Paz

ANDRÉS GONZÁLEZ D.

Viceministro de Gobierno

CARLOS EDUARDO JARAMILLO C.

Asesor de la Consejeria

HUMBERTO VERGARA P.

Asesor de Ia Consejeria

TOMÁS CONCHA S.

Asesor de Ia Consejeria

ALVARO HERNANDEZ

Asesor de la Consejería

Por la Coordinadora Guerrillera Simón Bolívar

ALFONSO CANO (FARC-EP)

IVÁN MÁRQUEZ (FARC-EP)

GUILLERMO ZULUAGA (FARC-EP)

ANDRÉS PARIS (FARC-EP)

PABLO CATATUMBO (FARC-EP)

DANIEL ALDANA (FARC-EP)

MIGUEL SUÁREZ (FARC-EP)

FRANCISCO GALÁN (UC-ELN)

LUCÍA GONZÁLEZ (UC-ELN)

DIEGO RUIZ (EPL)

ASDRÚBAL JIMÉNEZ (EPL)

Observatores presentes:

ÁLVARO VÁSQUEZ, NELSON BERRÍO, WILLIAM RAMÍREZ Y ÓSCAR REYES.