Declaración de la CGSB y la Comisión Exploratoria para la Paz, sobre el Diálogo Directo, Uribe, Meta

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Country/entity: Colombia
Region: Americas
Agreement name: Declaración de la CGSB y la Comisión Exploratoria para la Paz, sobre el Diálogo Directo, Uribe, Meta
Date: 21 Oct 1990
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Colombian Conflict (1964 - )
The Colombian conflict is really a set of conflicts and the peace agreements reflect both different processes relating to different conflict groups and dyads, and processes taking place at different times in a complex peace process history. The Colombian civil war has its roots in the late 1940s and the violent infighting between liberal and the conservative factions. Emerging from the liberal tradition with a thorough grounding in nationalist communist ideology, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (FARC) began its armed insurrection against the Colombian government in 1964. Other left-wing guerrillas emerged as well, most notably the socialist/populist M-19, which would later be integrated into the formal political system in the peace process of 1990s; the National Liberation Army (ELN), which has strong roots in liberation theology, and the Maoist Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) (also part of the 1990 process, less successfully). Several stages of peace processes were undertaken by the various sides, which were further complicated by the emergence of right-wing paramilitary ‘self-defence’ forces. The peace agreement between the Colombian government under President Uribe and the main alliance of the paramilitary groups, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), concluded in 2005 and is still heavily disputed as several remnants are still active, but now subsumed under the heading ‘Bacrim’ (Bandas criminales). In addition, FARC and ELN maintain a military presence, but both demonstrate a strong interest in completing successful peace negotiations with the government, with the most recent agreements being between FARC and the Government.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Colombia I - Gaviria
Parties: Exploratory commission (for the Government):
Álvaro Leyva, Saulo Arboleada, Juan Gabriel Uribe, Monsignor Enrique Sarmiento, Roeberto Posada, Carlos Alonso Lucio, José Noé Ríos.

This declaration is co-signed by:
Manuel Marulanda, Alfonso Cano, Adán Izquierdo and Timoleón Jiménez (FARC); Pablo Tejada (UC-ELN); Francisco Caraballo (EPL)
CGSB
Third parties: -
Description: This declaration is the product of a meeting of many armed fractions with the government to exchange positions on the possibility of a negotiated solution to the conflict. They discussed the National Assembly (composition, representativeness…) and the need for it to represent the Nation. They talked about conditions for the coordination of a peace process, incl. international observers. The CGSB declared its intention to participate in a political solution to the conflict, they ask for a debate in the National Assembly on the problems facing the country, the CGSB expresses its conviction that it needs to participate in the National Assembly through its delegates, and the need for a commission and that all issues considered pertinent need to be dealt with.

Agreement document: CO_901021_DECLARACIÓN DE LA CGSB Y LA COMISIÓN EXPLORATORIA PARA LA PAZ - tr.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CO_901021_DECLARACIÓN DE LA CGSB Y LA COMISIÓN EXPLORATORIA PARA LA PAZ.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
Page 1, Article 2,
It notes that, as the democratic means for debating the fundamental problems facing the country, the National Constitutional Assembly must deliver a political constitution that represents a genuine, stable and long-lasting peace settlement for Colombians in line with the decision and spirit of the most recent ruling by the Supreme Court of Justice.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, Article 3,
As such, CGSB regards its participation in the National Constitutional Assembly through its own representatives as fundamental.

Page 2, Article 4,
To do so, it is necessary for the executive to officially appoint a commission, which, together with a commission from CGSB, will take the peace processes forward.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Acuerdos con el EPL, MAQL y CRS, Diálogos con la CGSB, Biblioteca de la Paz – 1990-1994, Fundación Cultura Democrática, Ed. Álvaro Villarraga Sarmiento, Bogotá D.C., 2009 (book III) p. 231

DECLARATION OF THE SIMÓN BOLÍVAR GUERRILLA COORDINATING BOARD AND THE EXPLORATORY PEACE COMMISSION REGARDING THE DIRECT TALKS IN URIBE, META

21 October 1990

In the mountains of Meta in the jurisdiction of La Uribe, the following parties met to exchange opinions regarding the possibility of a negotiated solution to the conflict:

for the government, Álvaro Leyva, Roberto Posada, Saulo Arboleada, Juan Gabriel Uribe, Carlos Alonso Lucio, José Noé Ríos and Monsignor Enrique Sarmiento, as the exploratory commission acting with the consent of the national government;

in representation of the Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board (Coordinadora Guerrillera Simón Bolívar, CGSB), commanders Manuel Marulanda, Alfonso Cano, Timoleón Jiménez and Adán Izquierdo of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, FARC), Pablo Tejada of the Camilist Union–National Liberation Army (Union Camilista–Ejercito de Liberación Nacional, UC–ELN) and Francisco Caraballo of the Popular Liberation Army (Ejército Popular de Liberación, EPL).

The meeting involved discussion of the issues related to the National Constitutional Assembly, its scope, content and composition, in addition to its importance to the country.

The issues to be addressed to ensure a specific process linking CGSB to the peace process and find definitive solutions for national reconciliation were discussed in detail.

Issues such as the mechanisms for the cessation of hostilities in all forms, respect for human rights and international monitoring commissions must be considered to overcome the difficulties of the process.

The following conclusions were reached:

CGSB clearly stated its willingness to make progress toward a political solution to the armed conflict.

It notes that, as the democratic means for debating the fundamental problems facing the country, the National Constitutional Assembly must deliver a political constitution that represents a genuine, stable and long-lasting peace settlement for Colombians in line with the decision and spirit of the most recent ruling by the Supreme Court of Justice.

As such, CGSB regards its participation in the National Constitutional Assembly through its own representatives as fundamental.

To do so, it is necessary for the executive to officially appoint a commission, which, together with a commission from CGSB, will take the peace processes forward.

It is understood that in order to fulfil its objectives, there are no reserved matters for the negotiating commission and all issues deemed appropriate by the parties may be raised at the dialogue table.

As such, the exploratory commission believes conditions are in place to allow the government to form a commission to initiate direct talks with CGSB.

Exploratory commission:

Álvaro Leyva, Saulo Arboleada, Juan Gabriel Uribe, Monsignor Enrique Sarmiento, Roeberto Posada, Carlos Alonso Lucio, José Noé Ríos.

This declaration is co-signed by:

Manuel Marulanda, Alfonso Cano, Adán Izquierdo and Timoleón Jiménez (FARC);

Pablo Tejada (UC-ELN);

Francisco Caraballo (EPL)

CGSB