Extension of Ceasefire with the NSCN-IM

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Country/entity: India
Nagaland
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Extension of Ceasefire with the NSCN-IM
Date: 14 Jun 2001
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
India-Adivasi Conflicts (1955 - ) (Northeast India)
Several of seven sister states in Northeast India have had ongoing conflicts with the central Indian government, as well as among themselves following India's independence from the British Empire in 1947. Northeast India, in particular, lags behind the rest of India in infrastructure development. Tensions also exist between the various ethnic groups and Indian nationals migrated from elsewhere.

Bodoland:
The Bodo are a predominantly Christian group of about four million people living in the mountainous region of eastern Assam, India. Since 1986, the guerrilla organization – the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) – fought for independence of Bodoland. An initial truce was signed in 1989 and negotiations began with the Assam government. However, the NDFB resumed the conflict and new attempts to reach a peace settlement have not been successful. In 2005, a faction of the NDFB entered negotiations and signed a ceasefire agreement after suffering heavy losses. This splintered the NDFB and more radical factions that continue to fight.

Darjeeling:
Gorkhas in the state of West Bengal waged a guerrilla war against the central government from 1986-1988. Anti-foreign riots started in 1979 after a steady infiltration of Hindus and Muslims from other parts of Bengal. Tensions continued until the Accord of Darjeeling peace agreement was concluded in 1988. This accord provided for an autonomous Gorkha district around Darjeeling, which would remain part of West Bengal. It was implemented in The Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (Amendment) Act of 1994. After 2007, a second wave of enthusiasm for Gorkhaland was revived by the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha, however, this time by non-violent means. Nonetheless, the introduction of Bengali into schools, raised tensions in a Nepali-speaking region and as of 2017 conflict appears to be increasing.

Hmar:
Tension in Mizoram were primarily due to political domination by the Assamese over the Mizo. The Mizo National Front was formed in 1961 in the aftermath of a devastating famine in the Mizo Hills in objection to Indian Government response, or lack of. With popular support the MNF staged an uprising in 1966, but was unable to take control. It was only in 1986 that a peace accord was signed granting Mizoram statehood and the MNF became a political party. The same year the Hmar People's Convention was formed as a political party advocating for the rights of the Hmar which were ignored by the 1986 peace accord. The movement aimed to create an autonomous state in the north of Mizoram. A 1994 agreement between the HPC and Indian government resulted in the formation of the Sinlung Hills Development Council. However, a splinter group - the Hmar People's Convention-Democracy - was formed in 1995 demanding a separate administration.

Manipur:
The Manipur insurgency is linked to national, ethnic and political identity issues that occupy many of the conflicts in India's northeast that emerged following the independence of India in 1947. Among the largest groups are the United National Liberation Front, the People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak, the People's Liberation Army of Manipur, and the Kanleipak Communist Party. The conflict continues as of 2017.

Nagaland:
The exception is Nagaland, wherein tensions predate 1947 and the Nagas announced their intention to declare independence from Britain. Indian authorities moved troops into the region in 195. Nagaland was eventually declared a state in 1963 and an agreement, the Shillong Accord, was signed between the Naga National Council and Indian Government in 1975. In 1980 the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) was formed due to dissatisfaction with the Shillong Accord with the aim of Naga independence. It split into two factions in 1988. Over 80 rounds of peace talks from 1999 onwards led to little until the signing of the Naga Peace Accord in 2015.

Tripura:
Tensions emerged in Tripura between Bengali-speaking settlers and local ethnic groups during the 1970s. In 1989 the National Liberation Front of Tripura was founded followed by the establishment of the All Tripura Tiger Force the next year. Whilst the Christian NLFT seeks independence from India, the Hindu ATTF's sole goal is the expulsion of all Bengali-speakers from the state.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: India-Nagaland peace process
Parties: Shri K. Padmanbhaiah, Representative of the Government of India and Shri T. Muivah, General Secretary, NSCN
Third parties: -
Description: An extension of ceasefire between India and NSCN-IM. Parties also agreed to move forward with the process of dialogue to bring about a lasting solution to the Naga issue.

Agreement document: IN_000714_Extension of Cease-Fire with the NSCN-IM.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Untitled Preamble
The Government of India and NSCN (IM) have agreed to extend the operation of the on-going cease-fire for one year i.e. up to 31st July, 2002. This was decided after the discussions held at Bangkok on 13-14 June, 2001 between Shri K. Padmanbhaiah, Representative of the Government of India and Shri T. Muivah, General Secretary, NSCN. Cease-fire between the Government of India and NSCN (IM) has been in operation since 1st August, 1997. The period of last extension is due to expire on 31st July, 2001.

Page 1, Untitled Preamble
... The most salient feature of this latest extension of cease-fire is that it will be without any territorial limits. However, this stipulation will not, in any way, affect the territorial integrity of any of the North-Eastern States. Both parties have also agreed to move forward with the process of dialogue to bring about a lasting solution to the Naga issue.

Page 1,
(i) The Ceasefire Agreement is between the Government of India and the NSCN as two entities without territorial limits.
(ii) Both the parties would abide by the Ground Rules as revised on 13th January, 2001, both in letter and in spirit.
(iii) It is agreed to further extend the Ceasefire for a period of one year with effect from 1st August, 2001.
(iv) The Government of India and the NSCN agreed to proceed with the peace process on substantive issues to bring about a lasting political solution to the issue. It is recognized that there is a need for formal trust and respect.
(v) The next round of talks would be held in the last week of July/first week of August, 2001.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/

Naga Truce Extended by One Year

(Without any Territorial Limits)

Extension of Cease-F ire with the NSCN-IM

14 June 2001

The Government of India and NSCN (IM) have agreed to extend the operation of the on-going cease-fire for one year i.e. up to 31st July, 2002.

This was decided after the discussions held at Bangkok on 13-14 June, 2001 between Shri K. Padmanbhaiah, Representative of the

Government of India and Shri T. Muivah, General Secretary, NSCN.

Cease-fire between the Government of India and NSCN (IM) has been in operation since 1st August, 1997.

The period of last extension is due to expire on 31st July, 2001.

The most salient feature of this latest extension of cease-fire is that it will be without any territorial limits.

However, this stipulation will not, in any way, affect the territorial integrity of any of the North-Eastern States.

Both parties have also agreed to move forward with the process

of dialogue to bring about a lasting solution to the Naga issue.

The text of the agreed minutes is as follows:

(i) The Ceasefire Agreement is between the Government of India and the NSCN as two entities without territorial limits.

(ii) Both the parties would abide by the Ground Rules as revised on 13th January, 2001, both in letter and in spirit.

(iii) It is agreed to further extend the Ceasefire for a period of one year with effect from 1st August, 2001.

(iv) The Government of India and the NSCN agreed to proceed with the peace process on substantive issues to bring about a lasting political solution to the issue.

It is recognized that there is a need for formal trust and respect.

(v) The next round of talks would be held in the last week of July/first week of August, 2001.