Agreement of 5 June 1992 on the reopening of the Sarajevo Airport for humanitarian purposes

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Agreement of 5 June 1992 on the reopening of the Sarajevo Airport for humanitarian purposes
Date: 5 Jun 1992
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: Members of Bosnian Presidency, signed separately by Radovan Karadzic
For UNPROFOR: Cedric Thornberry
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement provides for the implementation of a previously declared ceasefire. It contains modalities for the demilitarization of Sarajevo Airport, removal of obstacles currently preventing the airport from operating, and guarantees from all parties for mobility of aircraft, airport workers and humanitarian personnel.

Agreement document: BA_920605_SarajevoAirportAgreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitutional reform/making
Page 2, 10.
This agreement shall be without prejudice to the settlement of constitutional questions now under negotiation; and to the safety and security of all inhabitation of Sarajevo and its surrounding area.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: [Summary: The agreement in its entirety provides for a ceasefire in the area of the Sarajevo airport with the purpose of facilitating air traffic, including humanitarian iad flows.]

Page 1, 3.
The parties undertake not to attempt to interfere in any way with the free movement of UNPROFOR supervised air traffic into and out of Sarajevo airport. Such traffic will consist of:
(a) Humanitarian and re-supply missions.
(b) United Nations and European Community or related missions.
(c) Official missions.
All possible measures will be taken to give advance notice to all concerned regarding such flights.

Page 2, 8.
Humanitarian aid will be delivered to Sarajevo and beyond, under the supervision of the United Nations, in a non-discriminatory manner and on a sole basis of need. The parties undertake to facilitate such deliveries, to place no obstacle in their way, and to ensure the security of those engaged in this humanitarian work.

Page 2, 9.
To endure the safe movement of humanitarian aid and related personnel, security corridors between the airport and the city will be established and will function under the control of UNPROFOR.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, 3.
The parties undertake not to attempt to interfere in any way with the free movement of UNPROFOR supervised air traffic into and out of Sarajevo airport. Such traffic will consist of:
(a) Humanitarian and re-supply missions...
All possible measures will be taken to give advance notice to all concerned regarding such flights.

Page 2, 6.
UNPROFOR will control all incoming personnel, aid, cargo and other items to ensure that no warlike materials are imported, and that the airport's opening is not otherwise abused in any way. The parties' humanitarian organizations will each establish an office at the airport to facilitate UNPROFOR's related tasks.

Page 2, 8.
Humanitarian aid will be delivered to Sarajevo and beyond, under the supervision of the United Nations, in a non-discriminatory manner and on a sole basis of need. The parties undertake to facilitate such deliveries, to place no obstacle in their way, and to ensure the security of those engaged in this humanitarian work.

Page 2, 9.
To endure the safe movement of humanitarian aid and related personnel, security corridors between the airport and the city will be established and will function under the control of UNPROFOR.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 2, 5.
Facilities, organizations and security inside the airport, including perimeter security, will be supervised and controlled by UNPROFOR with its civil, military and police personnel.

Page 2, 9.
To ensure the safe movement of humanitarian aid and related personnel, security corridors between the airport and the city will be established and will function under the control of UNPROFOR.

Page 2, 10.
This agreement shall be without prejudice to the settlement of constitutional questions now under negotiation; and to the safety and security of all inhabitation of Sarajevo and its surrounding area.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 1.
The cease-fire declared for 1800 hours on l June 1992 in and around Sarajevo is reaffirmed. The cease-fire will be monitored by UNPROFOR, and the parties will provide liaison officers and escorts to assist in its verification.

Page 1, 2.
To provide physical guarantees that fire will not be brought to bear against the airport, flying aircraft, or aircraft on the ground, they agree that:
(a) All anti-aircraft weapon systems will be withdrawn from positions from which they can engage the airport and its air approaches and be placed under UNPROFOR supervision.
(b) All artillery, mortar, ground-to-ground missile systems and tanks within range of the airport will be concentrated in areas agreed by UNPROFOR and subject to UNPROFOR observation at the firing line.

Page 2, 5.
Facilities, organization and security inside the airport. Including perimeter security, will be supervised and controlled by UNPROFOR with its civil, military and police personnel.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: For UNPROFOR: Cedric Thornberry
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, 1.
The cease-fire declared for 1800 hours on l June 1992 in and around Sarajevo is reaffirmed. The cease-fire will be monitored by UNPROFOR, and the parties will provide liaison officers and escorts to assist in its verification.

Page 1, 2.
To provide physical guarantees that fire will not be brought to bear against the airport, flying aircraft, or aircraft on the ground, they agree that:
(a) All anti-aircraft weapon systems will be withdrawn from positions from which they can engage the airport and its air approaches and be placed under UNPROFOR supervision.
(b) All artillery, mortar, ground-to-ground missile systems and tanks within range of the airport will be concentrated in areas agreed by UNPROFOR and subject to UNPROFOR observation at the firing line.

Page 1, 3.
The parties undertake not to attempt to interfere in any way with the free movement of UNPROFOR supervised air traffic into and out of Sarajevo airport. Such traffic will consist of:...
(b) United Nations and European Community or related missions...
All possible measures will be taken to give advance notice to all concerned regarding such flights.

Page 1, 4.
UNPROFOR will establish a special regime tor the airport and will supervise and control its implementation and functioning. This regime will be established at the earliest possible date after the approval of all concerned, with preparatory work beginning immediately after signature. All parties undertake to facilitate these processes together with the handover of the airport to UNPROFOR.

Page 2, 5.
Facilities. organization and security inside the airport. Including perimeter security, will be supervised and controlled by UNPROFOR with its civil, military and police personnel.

Page 2, 6.
UNPROFOR will control all incoming personnel, aid, cargo and other items to ensure that no warlike materials are imported, and that the airport's opening is not otherwise abused in any way. The parties' humanitarian organizations will each establish an office at the airport to facilitate UNPROFOR's related tasks.

Page 2, 7.
All local civilian personnel airport will be employed on a basis of non-discrimination, and will be supervised and controlled by UNPROFOR. To the extent possible, such personnel will comprise the current employees of the airport.

Page 2, 8.
Humanitarian aid will be delivered to Sarajevo and beyond, under the supervision of the United Nations, in a non-discriminatory manner and on a sole basis of need. The parties undertake to facilitate such deliveries, to place no obstacle in their way, and to ensure the security of those engaged in this humanitarian work.

Page 2, 9.
To endure the safe movement of humanitarian aid and related personnel, security corridors between the airport and the city will be established and will function under the control of UNPROFOR.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/

Agreement of 5 June 1992 on the reopening of Sarajevo airport for humanitarian purposes

As a first step towards tbe implementation of Security Council resolution 757 (1992), paragraph 17;

The undersigned have agreed that:

1. The cease-fire declared for 1800 hours on 1 June 1992 in and around Sarajevo is reaftirmed.

The cease-fire will be monitored by UNPROFOR, and the parties will provide liaison officers and escorts to assist in its verification.

2. To provide physical guarantees that fire will not be brought to bear against the airport, flying aircraft, or aircraft on the ground, they agree that:

(a) All anti-aircraft weapon systems will be withdrawn from positions from which the can engage the airport and its air approaches and be placed

under UNPROFOR supervision.

(b) All artillery, mortar, ground-to-ground missile systems and tanks within range of the airport will be concentrated in areas agreed by UNPROFOR

and subject to UNPROFOR observation at the firing line.

These measures will be established prior to the opening of the airport.

3. The parties undertake not to attempt to interfere in any way with the free movement of UNPROFOR-supervised air traffic into and out of Sarajevo airport.

Such traffic will consist of:

{a) Humanitarian and re-supply missions.

(b) United Nations and European Community or related missions.

All possible measures will be taken to give advance notice to all concerned regarding such flights.

4. UNPROFOR will establish a special regime tor the airport, and will supervise and control its implementation and functioning.

This regime will be

established at the earliest possible date after the approval of all concerned, with preparatory work beginning immediately after signature.

All parties

undertake to facilitate these processes, together with the handover of the airport to UNPROFOR.

5. Facilities, organization and security inside the airport, including perimeter security, will be supervised and controlled by UNPROFOR with its

civil, military and police personnel.

6. UNPROFOR will control all incoming personnel, aid, cargo and other items to ensure that no warlike materials are imported, and that the airport's

opening is not otherwise abused in any way.

The parties' humanitarian organizations will each establish an office at the airport to facilitate

UNPROFOR's related tasks.

7. All local civilian personnel required for the operation of the airport will be employed on a basis of non-discrimination, and will be supervised and controlled by UNPROFOR.

To the extent possible, such personnel will comprise the current employees of the airport.

8. Humanitarian aid will be delivered to Sarajevo and beyond, under the supervision of the United Nations, in a non-discriminatory manner and on a

sole basis of need.

The parties undertaka to facilitate such deliveries, to place no obstacle in their way, and to ensure the security of those engaged in this humanitarian work.

9. To ensure the safe movement of humanitarian aid and related personnel, security corridors between the airport and the city will be established and will function under the control of UNPROFOR.

10. This agreement shall be without prejudice to the settlement of constitutional questions now under negotiation;

and to the safety and secuirity

of all inhabitants of Sarajevo and its surrounding area.