New York Act II

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Country/entity: El Salvador
Region: Americas
Agreement name: New York Act II
Date: 13 Jan 1992
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
El Salvador Civil War (1979 - 1992)
The civil war in El Salvador lasted from 1979 to 1992 between an authoritarian government and non-state opponents. Following a failed coup d’état, five leftist guerrilla movements merged to form the umbrella organisation Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). U.S. support for the central Salvatorean government after 1979 lasted until its collapsed in late 1980s, after which the right-wing Republican National Alliance (Arena) filled the power vacuum. In March 1990, the rebels announced a suspension of attacks on non-military entered into talks backed by the UN and Catholic Church with the government. Despite the talks violence peaked over the next two years until the Chapultepec Peace Accords were signed in Mexico City in February 1992. Another ceasefire was signed a month later, which lasted nine months and was never broken during that time. Arena won the 1994 presidential elections and maintained a significant portion of the legislature until 2009, when the FMLN attained the presidency.
Stage: Implementation/renegotiation
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: El Salvador peace process
Parties: Representing the Government of El Salvador: (Signed) Mr. Oscar Alfredo SANTAMARIA; (Signed) Mr. David ESCOBAR GALINDO; (Signed) Mr. Rafael HERNAN CONTRERAS; (Signed) Gen. Mauricio Ernesto VARGAS;

Representing the Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional: (Signed) Cmdr. Schafik HANDAL; (Signed) Cmdr. Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN; (Signed) Cmdr. Eduardo SANCHO; (Signed) Ana Guadalupe MARTINEZ; (Signed) Maria Marta VALLADARES;
Third parties: (Signed) Alvaro DE SOTO, Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
Description: A short agreement, which states that the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional have reached agreements on all outstanding issues.

Agreement document: SV_920113_NewYorkActII.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: (Signed) Alvaro DE SOTO, Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN peacemaker, available at https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SV_920113_NewYorkActII.pdf (Accessed on January 8, 2020; archived on WaybackMachine).

New York Act II

The Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional, meeting at United Nations Headquarters, have reached agreements which complete the negotiations on all issues outstanding when the New York Act was signed on 31 December 1991.

This opens the way for the signing of the Peace Agreement in Mexico City on 16 January 1992.

New York, 13 January 1992

Representing the Government of El Salvador:

(Signed) Mr. Oscar Alfredo SANTAMARIA

(Signed) Mr. David ESCOBAR GALINDO

(Signed) Mr. Rafael HERNAN CONTRERAS

(Signed) Gen. Mauricio Ernesto VARGAS

Representing the Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional:

(Signed) Cmdr.

Schafik HANDAL

(Signed) Cmdr.

Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN

(Signed) Cmdr.

Eduardo SANCHO

(Signed) Ana Guadalupe MARTINEZ

(Signed) Maria Marta VALLADARES

(Signed) Alvaro DE SOTO

Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations