Implementing Accord

Export agreement:

Export agreement coding (PDF)

Country/entity: Croatia
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Implementing Accord
Date: 2 Jan 1992
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Croatia negotiation process
Parties: A. RASETA, Colonel-General, JNA; G. SUSAK, Defence Minister, Republic of Croatia
Third parties: Witnessed by Cyrus R VANCE, Personal Envoy of the Secretary General of the United Nations
Description: This short ceasefire agreement provides for implementation of the agreement signed on 23 November 1991. It provides for cessation of hostile military activity, liaison and monitoring arrangements, and confidence-building measures.

Agreement document: HR_920102_Implementing Accord (Sarajevo Accord).pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: Page 1, I. CESSATION OF HOSTILE MILITARY ACTIVITY
Each party agrees to the complete cessation of all hostile military activity on land, at sea and in the air, including:...(b) At sea: (v) Full respect for the principle of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law;...
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, I. CESSATION OF HOSTILE MILITARY ACTIVITY
Each party agrees to the complete cessation of all hostile military activity on land, at sea and in the air, including:...(b) At sea: (v) Full respect for the principle of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law;...
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
[Summary] It is not stated whether the ceasefire is temporary or permanent.

Page 1, I. CESSATION OF HOSTILE MILITARY ACTIVITY
Each party agrees to the complete cessation of all hostile military activity on land, at sea and in the air, including: (a) On land: (i) No firing by either party across its own forward deployment lines; (ii) No movement forward by any unit or individuals of either party; (iii) No reinforcement of existing forward defensive localities; (iv) No redeployment of troops to other and more advantageous ground; (b) At sea: (v) Full respect for the principle of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law; (c) In the air: (vi) No use of airspace for any military activity directed at the other party.

Page 1-2, II. LIAISON AND MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS
Each party agrees: (a) To make arrangements to facilitate immediate and direct liaison
between sector commanders across the forward deployment lines in order to resolve any incidents on the spot as they occur; (b) To establish joint liaison teams to resolve local incidents; (c) To cooperate fully with third-party monitoring mechanisms to be
established to assist in investigating alleged cease-fire violations when necessary.

Page 2, III. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES
Each party undertakes: (a) To instruct the troops under its command not to return fire if fired upon, without first taking recourse to the monitoring arrangements set out
above; (b) To notify the other party in advance of any and all troop rotations and major troop movements.

Page 2, IV. ENTRANCE INTO EFFECT
This Implementing Accord will enter into effect on 3 January 1992, at 1800 hours local time. Each party undertaking to issue all necessary orders and instructions to that end.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, I. CESSATION OF HOSTILE MILITARY ACTIVITY
Each party agrees to the complete cessation of all hostile military activity on land, at sea and in the air, including: (a) On land: (i) No firing by either party across its own forward deployment lines; (ii) No movement forward by any unit or individuals of either party; (iii) No reinforcement of existing forward defensive localities; (iv) No redeployment of troops to other and more advantageous ground; (b) At sea: (v) Full respect for the principle of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law; (c) In the air: (vi) No use of airspace for any military activity directed at the other party.

Page 1-2, II. LIAISON AND MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS
Each party agrees: (a) To make arrangements to facilitate immediate and direct liaison
between sector commanders across the forward deployment lines in order to resolve any incidents on the spot as they occur; (b) To establish joint liaison teams to resolve local incidents; (c) To cooperate fully with third-party monitoring mechanisms to be
established to assist in investigating alleged cease-fire violations when necessary.

Page 2, III. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES
Each party undertakes: (a) To instruct the troops under its command not to return fire if fired upon, without first taking recourse to the monitoring arrangements set out
above; (b) To notify the other party in advance of any and all troop rotations and major troop movements.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1-2, II. LIAISON AND MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS
Each party agrees: (a) To make arrangements to facilitate immediate and direct liaison
between sector commanders across the forward deployment lines in order to resolve any incidents on the spot as they occur; (b) To establish joint liaison teams to resolve local incidents; (c) To cooperate fully with third-party monitoring mechanisms to be
established to assist in investigating alleged cease-fire violations when necessary.

Page 2, III. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES
Each party undertakes: (a) To instruct the troops under its command not to return fire if fired upon, without first taking recourse to the monitoring arrangements set out
above; (b) To notify the other party in advance of any and all troop rotations and major troop movements.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Witnessed by Cyrus R VANCE, Personal Envoy of the Secretary General of the United Nations
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: UN Peacemaker
http://peacemaker.un.org/

Implementing Accord

Signed at Sarajevo on 2 January 1992.

The following constitutes an aqreement reached between Colonel-General A. Raseta and Defence Minister G. Susak, on behalf of their

respective authorities, at Sarajevo on 2 January 1991 under the auspices of Mr. Cyrus R. Vance, Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, concerning modalities for implementing the unconditional cease-fire agreed to at Geneva by President Milosevic, President Tudjman and Federal Secretery-General Kadijevic on 23 November 1991, which text was signed at that time by Mr. Vance.

I. CESSATION OF HOSTILE MILITARY ACTIVITY

Each party agrees to the complete cessation of all hostile military activity on land, at sea and in the air, including:

(a) On land:

(i) No firing by either party across its own forward deployment lines;

lii) No movement forward by any unit or individuals of either party;

(iii) No reinforcement of existiug forward defensive localities;

(iv) No redeployment of troops to other and more advantageous ground;

(b) At sea:

(v) Full respect for tbe principle of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law;

(vi) No use of airspace for any military activity directed at the other party.

II. LIAISON AND MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS

(a) To malte arrangements to facilitate immediate and direct liaison between sector commanders across the forward deployment lines in order to

resolve any incidents on the spot as they occur;

(b) To establish joint liaison teams to reaolve local incidents;

(c) To cooperate fully with third-party monitoring mechanisms to be established to assist in inveatigating alleqed cease-fire violations when

necessary.

III. CONFlDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES

Each party undertakes:

(a) To instruct the troops under its command not to return fire if fired upon, without first taking recourse to the monitoring arrangements set out

above;

(b) To notify the other party in advance of any and all troop rotations and major troop movements.

IV. EnTRANCE INTO EFFECT

This Implementing Accord will enter into effect on 3 January 1992, at 1800 hours local time.

Each party undertakes to issue all necessary orders

and instructions to that end.

A. RASETA.

Colonel-General, JNA

G. SUSAK Defence Minister, Republic of Croatia

Witnessed by:

Cyrus VANCE Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations